The analogy between nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is a fascinating area of study due to the similarities in their underlying physical principles. Both systems are governed by similar nonlinear partial differential equations, which allow researchers to draw parallels between the behaviors observed in these two distinct fields. Among the phenomena observed, the soliton is of particular interest. In this chapter, we demonstrate the possibility of controlling the formation and dynamics of soliton molecules in binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin-orbit (SO) coupling. The study is carried out analytically using the variational approach and validated numerically through split-step Fourier simulations. Our results reveal that the integrity and stability of the soliton molecules are highly sensitive to the system’s physical parameters, particularly the interplay between local (contact) and nonlocal (dipolar) interactions in the presence of SO coupling. By appropriately tuning these interactions, one can effectively control the binding, oscillatory dynamics, and potential dissociation of the soliton molecules.The analogy between nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is a fascinating area of study due to the similarities in their underlying physical principles. Both systems are governed by similar nonlinear partial differential equations, which allow researchers to draw parallels between the behaviors observed in these two distinct fields. Among the phenomena observed, the soliton is of particular interest. In this chapter, we demonstrate the possibility of controlling the formation and dynamics of soliton molecules in binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin-orbit (SO) coupling. The study is carried out analytically using the variational approach and validated numerically through split-step Fourier simulations. Our results reveal that the integrity and stability of the soliton molecules are highly sensitive to the system’s physical parameters, particularly the interplay between local (contact) and nonlocal (dipolar) interactions in the presence of SO coupling. By appropriately tuning these interactions, one can effectively control the binding, oscillatory dynamics, and potential dissociation of the soliton molecules.

IntechOpen eBooksSep 29, 20250 citations

Electrostriction in a Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dipolar Molecules

Haneul Kwak, Ian Stevenson, Weijun Yuan +5 more

The recent creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of dipolar molecules has opened a new frontier for many-body quantum systems in which dipolar interactions can drive novel self-organization phenomena. Here, we observe electrostriction in a molecular BEC, an elliptical deformation driven by anisotropic dipolar interactions. We use double microwave dressing, involving $σ$ - and $π$ -polarized fields, to control non-axially symmetric dipolar interactions. We compare the experimental observations of electrostriction to a model based on an extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation and find excellent agreement in the regime of weak to moderate interactions. Using electrostriction, we demonstrate that the molecular BEC can be torqued by dynamically changing the orientation of the elliptical $σ$ microwave field. This provides a route to setting molecular quantum gases into rotation, opening opportunities to probe vorticity, superfluidity, and supersolidity in strongly dipolar matter.The recent creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of dipolar molecules has opened a new frontier for many-body quantum systems in which dipolar interactions can drive novel self-organization phenomena. Here, we observe electrostriction in a molecular BEC, an elliptical deformation driven by anisotropic dipolar interactions. We use double microwave dressing, involving $σ$- and $π$-polarized fields, to control non-axially symmetric dipolar interactions. We compare the experimental observations of electrostriction to a model based on an extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation and find excellent agreement in the regime of weak to moderate interactions. Using electrostriction, we demonstrate that the molecular BEC can be torqued by dynamically changing the orientation of the elliptical $σ$ microwave field. This provides a route to setting molecular quantum gases into rotation, opening opportunities to probe vorticity, superfluidity, and supersolidity in strongly dipolar matter.

cond-mat.quant-gasCross-listedarXiv:2608.19180Aug 20, 20260 citations

Bose-Einstein condensation of dipolar atoms

Juergen Stuhler, Axel Griesmaier, M. Fattori +4 more

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMay 18, 20050 citations

Soliton molecules in coupled dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling

Maïk Delon Mboumba, Gleann Juvet Ngounga Makoundit, C. Kenfack-Sadem +2 more

Recent research works on ultra cold quantum gases demonstrated that dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) exhibit rich spatiotemporal dynamic where both local and nonlocal interactions are considered. We explore theoretically the possibility of controlling the formation and dynamics of soliton molecules in binary dipolar condensates with spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We exploit the variational technique to derive the new equations of motion for the widths and amplitudes, the effective potential and the oscillation frequency of the molecules. Our study confirms the existence of stable localized bound states in an optical potential. We find that the integrity of the molecules is influenced by the physical parameters, notably the local and nonlocal interactions with the SOC. These parameters are carefully chosen by the Vakhitov–Kolokolov (VK) criterion to ensure the stability of the molecules. We present the results of numerical experiments and confirm the analytical predictions. Moreover, we show the soliton–soliton interaction in each molecule when the local interactions are strong.Recent research works on ultra cold quantum gases demonstrated that dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) exhibit rich spatiotemporal dynamic where both local and nonlocal interactions are considered. We explore theoretically the possibility of controlling the formation and dynamics of soliton molecules in binary dipolar condensates with spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We exploit the variational technique to derive the new equations of motion for the widths and amplitudes, the effective potential and the oscillation frequency of the molecules. Our study confirms the existence of stable localized bound states in an optical potential. We find that the integrity of the molecules is influenced by the physical parameters, notably the local and nonlocal interactions with the SOC. These parameters are carefully chosen by the Vakhitov–Kolokolov (VK) criterion to ensure the stability of the molecules. We present the results of numerical experiments and confirm the analytical predictions. Moreover, we show the soliton–soliton interaction in each molecule when the local interactions are strong.

Modern Physics Letters BMay 26, 20232 citations

σ

- and

π

-polarized fields, to control non-axially symmetric dipolar interactions. We compare the experimental observations of electrostriction to a model based on an extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation and find excellent agreement in the regime of weak to moderate interactions. Using electrostriction, we demonstrate that the molecular BEC can be torqued by dynamically changing the orientation of the elliptical

σ

microwave field. This provides a route to setting molecular quantum gases into rotation, opening opportunities to probe vorticity, superfluidity, and supersolidity in strongly dipolar matter.