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Chinese Physics B

Preparation of entangled W states based on the cavity QED system

Ke Li, Jun‐Long Zhao

Published May 28, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present a qubit-loss-free (QLF) fusion scheme for generating large-scale atom W states in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system. Compared to the most current fusion schemes which are conditioned on the case where one particle can be extracted from each initial W state to the fusion process, our scheme will access one or two particles from each W state. Based on the atom–cavity-field detuned interaction, three |W〉 n+m+t states can be generated from the |W〉 n , |W〉 m , and |W〉 t states with the help of two auxiliary atoms, and three |W〉 n+m+t+q states can be generated from |W〉 n , |W〉 m , |W〉 t , and a |W〉 q state with the help of three auxiliary atoms. Comparing the numerical simulations of the resource cost of fusing three small-size W states based on the previous schemes, our fusion scheme seems to be more efficient. This QLF fusion scheme can be generalized to the case of fusing k different or identical particle W states. Furthermore, with no qubit loss, it greatly reduces the number of fusion steps and prepares W states with larger particle numbers.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/ad50bf

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Abstract We present a qubit-loss-free (QLF) fusion scheme for generating large-scale atom W states in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system. Compared to the most current fusion schemes which are conditioned on the case where one particle can be extracted from each initial W state to the fusion process, our scheme will access one or two particles from each W state. Based on the atom–cavity-field detuned interaction, three |W〉 n+m+t states can be generated from the |W〉 n , |W〉 m , and |W〉 t states with the help of two auxiliary atoms, and three |W〉 n+m+t+q states can be generated from |W〉 n , |W〉 m , |W〉 t , and a |W〉 q state with the help of three auxiliary atoms. Comparing the numerical simulations of the resource cost of fusing three small-size W states based on the previous schemes, our fusion scheme seems to be more efficient. This QLF fusion scheme can be generalized to the case of fusing k different or identical particle W states. Furthermore, with no qubit loss, it greatly reduces the number of fusion steps and prepares W states with larger particle numbers.
W state is a key resource in quantum communication. Fusion technology has been proven to be a good candidate for preparing a large-size W state from two or more small-size W states in linear optical system. It is of great importance to study how to fuse W states via light-matter interface. Here we show that it is possible to prepare large-size W-state networks using a fusion mechanism in cavity QED system. The detuned interaction between three atoms and a vacuum cavity mode constitute the main fusion mechanism, based on which two or three small-size atomic W states can be fused into a larger-size W state. If no excitation is detected from those three atoms, the remaining atoms are still in the product of two or three new W states, which can be re-fused. The complicated Fredkin gate used in the previous fusion schemes is avoided here. W states of size 2 can be fused as well. The feasibility analysis shows that our fusion processes maybe implementable with the current technology. Our results demonstrate how the light-matter interaction based fusion mechanism can be realized, and may become the starting point for the fusion of multipartite entanglement in cavity QED system.
Fusion technique plays a key role in the preparation of large-scale WWW states, but the currently existing fusion schemes are suffering from the qubit loss problem, i.e., the number of the output entangled qubits is smaller than the sum of numbers of the input entangled qubits, which will inevitably decrease the fusion efficiency and increase the number of fusion steps as well as the requirement of quantum memories. In this paper, we design a fusion mechanism to fuse two small-size WWW states into a large-scale WWW state without qubit loss, and thus we call it qubit-loss-free (QLF) fusion mechanism. This QLF fusion mechanism is based on a two-outcome positive-operator valued measurement on two qubits extracting from two small-size WWW states, and works for both pure and mixed WWW states. The QLF nature of this fusion mechanism clearly increases the final size of the obtained WWW state, and greatly reduces the number of fusion steps as well as the requirement of quantum memories required to achieve a WWW state of a target size, so it is more efficient and feasible than the currently existing fusion schemes. There is no complete failure output in our QLF fusion scheme, and all the garbage states are recyclable. Two example schemes are proposed to realize this QLF fusion mechanism in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system and three-qubit Heisenberg XYZ model, respectively, which demonstrates the possibility of the physical realization of this QLF fusion mechanism.
W state is a key resource in quantum communication. Fusion technology has been proven to be a good candidate for preparing a large-size W state from two or more small-size W states in linear optical system. It is of great importance to study how to fuse W states via light-matter interface. Here we show that it is possible to prepare large-size W-state networks using a fusion mechanism in cavity QED system. The detuned interaction between three atoms and a vacuum cavity mode constitute the main fusion mechanism, based on which two or three small-size atomic W states can be fused into a larger-size W state. If no excitation is detected from those three atoms, the remaining atoms are still in the product of two or three new W states, which can be re-fused. The complicated Fredkin gate used in the previous fusion schemes is avoided here. W states of size 2 can be fused as well. The feasibility analysis shows that our fusion processes maybe implementable with the current technology. Our results demonstrate how the light-matter interaction based fusion mechanism can be realized, and may become the starting point for the fusion of multipartite entanglement in cavity QED system.
W state is a key resource in quantum communication. Fusion technology has been proven to be a good candidate for preparing a large-size W state from two or more small-size W states in linear optical system. It is of great importance to study how to fuse W states via light-matter interface. Here we show that it is possible to prepare large-size W-state networks using a fusion mechanism in cavity QED system. The detuned interaction between three atoms and a vacuum cavity mode constitute the main fusion mechanism, based on which two or three small-size atomic W states can be fused into a larger-size W state. If no excitation is detected from those three atoms, the remaining atoms are still in the product of two or three new W states, which can be re-fused. The complicated Fredkin gate used in the previous fusion schemes is avoided here. W states of size 2 can be fused as well. The feasibility analysis shows that our fusion processes maybe implementable with the current technology. Our results demonstrate how the light-matter interaction based fusion mechanism can be realized, and may become the starting point for the fusion of multipartite entanglement in cavity QED system.
Abstract Quantum entanglement is the basic resource of quantum information processing and quantum computation, especially multi-partite entanglement. The simple and efficient generation of multi-partite entanglement has always been one of the hot topics of scholars. In this paper, we propose a qubit-loss-free fusion scheme for generation of large-scale entangled W states with Rydberg superatom. By sending two superatoms belonging to a k -atom W states and a l -atom W states, respectively, into a cavity, we may obtain a ( k + l )-atom W states via detecting the cavity state after interaction. The numerical simulation analysis shows that the fidelity is robust against both spontaneous emission of superatoms and decay of the cavity. In addition, the feasibility analysis indicates this scheme can also be realized in experiment.
Abstract An effective scheme is proposed for preparing large-scale maximally entangled W states by fusing arbitrary-size polarization entangled W or W -like states via polarization-dependent beam splitter (PDBS). In our scheme, W m + n −1 state can be generated from an n -qubit W state and an m -qubit W state, and W m + n + t −2 state can be generated from W m , W n and W t states. The fusion process can start with Bell states too. Because PDBS has selective transmission rates for different polarization states, our fusion has a distinct property, i.e. a large-scale maximally entangled W state can be generated by fusing small-size W -like states, and the cost analyses indicate that our fusion scheme is more efficient than the previous one in fusing W -like states. In addition, there is no need for any controlled quantum gate and any ancillary photon in our scheme, so it is simple and feasible.