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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

Entangled Optical Quantum Imaging Method Assisted by AUVs Based on Underwater Light Transmission Characteristics

Jingyang Cao, Mu Zhou, Dusit Tao Niyato, Ruichen Zhang, Wei Nie

Published May 17, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates an underwater quantum imaging algorithm assisted by autonomous underwater vehicles based on entangled photon pairs. The optical properties of water are first analyzed, and based on this analysis, the theoretical model for the backward scattering of water is derived. This paper consider the effects of underwater scattering, absorption and refraction on the quantum propagation characteristics. Under impacts of the undetwater light transmission characteristics, a theoretical model for underwater entangled photon quantum imaging is developed and the imaging reconstruction algorithm is derived. Moreover, this paper develop and analyze the signalto-noise ratio and visibility algorithms of underwater quantum imaging. This paper also completes the construction of an experimental optical path and conducts extensive experimental verification.

DOI
10.1109/tvt.2024.3402367

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As an important part of underwater optical technology, underwater imaging plays a crucial role in accurately capturing underwater targets and environmental features. Facing the challenges of complex ocean environments and severe photon attenuation, quantum imaging breaks through the limitations of traditional optical imaging technology by utilizing the characteristics of two-photon entanglement and time-space correlation, thus offering a new perspective on ocean turbulence. To this end, we propose a new underwater entangled-photon quantum imaging system. Specifically, we first construct an entangled photon quantum imaging physical model through ocean long-exposure turbulence and then exploit an entangled light coincidence imaging reconstruction method to image the target object. Furthermore, in response to the problem that ocean environment has a great impact on photons, we develop a photon capture probability method based on entangled photon pairs to reduce the impact of the ocean turbulence noise on imaging and improve the underwater target imaging resolution. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by showing that even in harsh ocean environments, quantum imaging performs superior resolution capabilities over traditional light source imaging techniques.
Combined with the theory of statistical optics and underwater optical properties, this paper proposes a quantum imaging method for entangled photons in the Nikishov ocean environment targeting the problems of low imaging resolution of entangled photons in seawater and low probability of underwater photon capture. Specifically, we first design the optical path for underwater quantum imaging with the entangled light. Then based on the Nikishov ocean turbulence model, an underwater correlation algorithm is proposed according to the Rytov approximation. We set up an experimental optical path and test the effect of different seawater characteristic parameters on the imaging resolution to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and system.
Entangled photon quantum imaging technology has become very promising for marine imaging due to its high resolution, anti-turbulence, and anti-interference properties. The turbulence and optical attenuation caused by oceanic water would impose severe limitations on conventional imaging equipment. Quantum imaging based on entangled light sources could make it possible to overcome the constraints of low imaging resolution, large maritime environmental impact and low confidentiality in traditional underwater target imaging. Hence, the recent technological developments in terms of quantum imaging in free space motivate our investigation into high-resolution quantum imaging based on spatially correlated properties of entangled photon pairs in a marine environment. Moreover we propose and design an innovative underwater quantum imaging optical path for experimental verification. We conduct extensive experiments to assess the effectiveness of our proposed quantum imaging approach in marine environments. In order to solve the problem of the slow quantum imaging process, we propose an innovative compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm. Experiments show that the compressive sensing method could be utilized to reduce the imaging time. Finally, we propose an underwater quantum target identification method based on deep learning, further providing the possibility for underwater quantum target identification of entangled light sources.
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In this paper, based on quantum optics theory and underwater propagation characteristics, a method of entangled photon quantum imaging based on Elamassie weak ocean environment is proposed to solve the problem of low imaging resolution of targets in the ocean environment. First, we designed an imaging optical path that can be used in the weak turbulence environment. Secondly, based on the propagation characteristics of weak turbulence environment, we propose an underwater correlation algorithm based on Elamissie turbulence power spectrum model. Finally, we set up the relevant experimental environment according to the designed imaging optical path, The experiment of the influence of different seawater characteristic parameters on the resolution of the imaging optical path of entangled light quantum is carried out. According to the experimental results, we verify the correctness of the design system.
Abstract Scattering effects are ubiquitous in practical wireless optical links. Here a transmission model with complete consideration of scattered light and beam wandering effects for underwater link is developed, with the aim to completely characterize the received quantum state of light through dense scattering medium. Based on this model, we show the influence of scattered photons on the improvement of the entanglement after transmission through turbid water may vary for different copropagation scenarios, i.e., the contribution of scattered light on entanglement transmission may be turned from positive to negative, with increase of the strength of underwater beam wandering. And the attenuation coefficient and aperture size are found to be the dominant factors affecting the entanglement through underwater link. While for the counterpropagation scenario, the scattered photons will severely deteriorate the entanglement transmission especially for the high-loss scattering links. These findings may shed light on quantum entanglement transmission and help to develop its applications through dense scattering medium.