Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Conference on Networks, Communications and Intelligent Computing (NCIC)

Multiparty Secure Delegated Quantum Computation

Shuquan Ma, Xuchao Liu, Huagui Li, Heliang Song

Published Nov 17, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a multiparty delegated quantum computing protocol for the completely classical clients. Our protocol is mainly based on the work of Cojocaru et al, in which they proposed a concrete protocol that can make a classical client instruct a quantum server to prepare a random qubit. We simplify their protocol by replacing the one-way functions with the one-way permutations that are post-quantum secure only. Then we extend this improved scheme to multiparty delegated quantum computation, where a group of classical clients can delegate their joint computation task to a distrusted quantum server.

DOI
10.1109/ncic61838.2023.00024

Related papers

Verifiable Multiparty Delegated Quantum Computation

Qin Li, Can Wang, Jiang Zhu +2 more

Multiparty delegated quantum computation (MDQC) allows multiple clients with limited quantum capability to jointly complete a quantum computational task with the aid of an untrusted quantum server. But in existing MDQC protocols, the verifiability that clients should verify whether the server executed the protocol correctly and gave correct results was not handled. Therefore, in this paper, we improve a typical MDQC protocol to enable clients to verify the correctness of computation by inserting trap qubits and develop a novel method to enforce clients to send qubits honestly while avoiding the positions of trap qubits being leaked to the server. The security and verifiability of the improved MDQC protocol are also analyzed. In addition, a specific example of the proposed verifiable MDQC protocol is given and simulated on IBM’s quantum platform.

International Journal of Intelligent Systems•Jan 1, 2023•5 citations

Quantum-enhanced Secure Delegated Classical Computing

Vedran Dunjko, Theodoros Kapourniotis, Elham Kashefi

We present a quantumly-enhanced protocol to achieve unconditionally secure delegated classical computation where the client and the server have both limited classical and quantum computing capacity. We prove the same task cannot be achieved using only classical protocols. This extends the work of Anders and Browne on the computational power of correlations to a security setting. Concretely, we present how a client with access to a non-universal classical gate such as a parity gate could achieve unconditionally secure delegated universal classical computation by exploiting minimal quantum gadgets. In particular, unlike the universal blind quantum computing protocols, the restriction of the task to classical computing removes the need for a full universal quantum machine on the side of the server and makes these new protocols readily implementable with the currently available quantum technology in the lab.

arXiv:1405.4558•May 18, 2014•2 citations

A Distributed Architecture for Secure Delegated Quantum Computation

Shuquan Ma, Changhua Zhu, Dongxiao Quan +1 more

In this paper, we propose a distributed secure delegated quantum computation protocol, by which an almost classical client can delegate a (dk)-qubit quantum circuit to d quantum servers, where each server is equipped with a 2k-qubit register that is used to process only k qubits of the delegated quantum circuit. None of servers can learn any information about the input and output of the computation. The only requirement for the client is that he or she has ability to prepare four possible qubits in the state of (|0⟩+eiθ|1⟩)/2, where θ∈{0,π/2,π,3π/2}. The only requirement for servers is that each pair of them share some entangled states (|0⟩|+⟩+|1⟩|−⟩)/2 as ancillary qubits. Instead of assuming that all servers are interconnected directly by quantum channels, we introduce a third party in our protocol that is designed to distribute the entangled states between those servers. This would simplify the quantum network because the servers do not need to share a quantum channel. In the end, we show that our protocol can guarantee unconditional security of the computation under the situation where all servers, including the third party, are honest-but-curious and allowed to cooperate with each other.

Entropy•Jun 7, 2022•6 citations

Multiparty Delegated Quantum Computing

Elham Kashefi, Anna Pappa

Quantum computing has seen tremendous progress in the past few years. However, due to limitations in the scalability of quantum technologies, it seems that we are far from constructing universal quantum computers for everyday users. A more feasible solution is the delegation of computation to powerful quantum servers on the network. This solution was proposed in previous studies of blind quantum computation, with guarantees for both the secrecy of the input and of the computation being performed. In this work, we further develop this idea of computing over encrypted data, to propose a multiparty delegated quantum computing protocol in the measurement-based quantum computing framework. We prove the security of the protocol against a dishonest server and against dishonest clients, under the assumption of common classical cryptographic constructions.

arXiv:1606.09200•Cryptography•Jul 30, 2017•74 citations

Delegating Multi-Party Quantum Computations vs. Dishonest Majority in Two Quantum Rounds

Theodoros Kapourniotis, Elham Kashefi, Luka Music +1 more

Multi-Party Quantum Computation (MPQC) has attracted a lot of attention as a potential killer-app for quantum networks through it's ability to preserve privacy and integrity of the highly valuable computations they would enable. Contributing to the latest challenges in this field, we present a composable protocol achieving blindness and verifiability even in the case of a single honest client. The security of our protocol is reduced, in an information-theoretically secure way, to that of a classical composable Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) used to coordinate the various parties. Our scheme thus provides a statistically secure upgrade of such classical scheme to a quantum one with the same level of security. In addition, (i) the clients can delegate their computation to a powerful fully fault-tolerant server and only need to perform single qubit operations to unlock the full potential of multi-party quantum computation; (ii) the amount of quantum communication with the server is reduced to sending quantum states at the beginning of the computation and receiving the output states at the end, which is optimal and removes the need for interactive quantum communication; and (iii) it has a low constant multiplicative qubit overhead compared to the single-client delegated protocol it is built upon. The main technical ingredient of our paper is the bootstraping of the MPQC construction by Double Blind Quantum Computation, a new composable resource for blind multiparty quantum computation, that demonstrates the surprising fact that the full protocol does not require verifiability of all components to achieve security.

arXiv:2102.12949•Feb 25, 2021•3 citations

Composable secure multi-client delegated quantum computation

Monireh Houshmand, Mahboobeh Houshmand, Si-Hui Tan +1 more

The engineering challenges involved in building large scale quantum computers, and the associated infrastructure requirements, mean that when such devices become available it is likely that this will be in limited numbers and in limited geographic locations. It is likely that many users will need to rely on remote access to delegate their computation to the available hardware. In such a scenario, the privacy and reliability of the delegated computations are important concerns. On the other hand, the distributed nature of modern computations has led to a widespread class of applications in which a group of parties attempt to perform a joint task over their inputs, e.g., in cloud computing. In this paper, we study the multi-client delegated quantum computation problem where we consider the global computation be made up of local computations that are individually decided by the clients. Each client part is kept secret from the server and the other clients. We construct a composable secure multi-client delegated quantum computation scheme from any composable secure single-client delegated quantum computation protocol and quantum authentication codes.

arXiv:1811.11929•Nov 29, 2018•5 citations
In this paper, we propose a multiparty delegated quantum computing protocol for the completely classical clients. Our protocol is mainly based on the work of Cojocaru et al, in which they proposed a concrete protocol that can make a classical client instruct a quantum server to prepare a random qubit. We simplify their protocol by replacing the one-way functions with the one-way permutations that are post-quantum secure only. Then we extend this improved scheme to multiparty delegated quantum computation, where a group of classical clients can delegate their joint computation task to a distrusted quantum server.
Multiparty delegated quantum computation (MDQC) allows multiple clients with limited quantum capability to jointly complete a quantum computational task with the aid of an untrusted quantum server. But in existing MDQC protocols, the verifiability that clients should verify whether the server executed the protocol correctly and gave correct results was not handled. Therefore, in this paper, we improve a typical MDQC protocol to enable clients to verify the correctness of computation by inserting trap qubits and develop a novel method to enforce clients to send qubits honestly while avoiding the positions of trap qubits being leaked to the server. The security and verifiability of the improved MDQC protocol are also analyzed. In addition, a specific example of the proposed verifiable MDQC protocol is given and simulated on IBM’s quantum platform.
We present a quantumly-enhanced protocol to achieve unconditionally secure delegated classical computation where the client and the server have both limited classical and quantum computing capacity. We prove the same task cannot be achieved using only classical protocols. This extends the work of Anders and Browne on the computational power of correlations to a security setting. Concretely, we present how a client with access to a non-universal classical gate such as a parity gate could achieve unconditionally secure delegated universal classical computation by exploiting minimal quantum gadgets. In particular, unlike the universal blind quantum computing protocols, the restriction of the task to classical computing removes the need for a full universal quantum machine on the side of the server and makes these new protocols readily implementable with the currently available quantum technology in the lab.
In this paper, we propose a distributed secure delegated quantum computation protocol, by which an almost classical client can delegate a (dk)-qubit quantum circuit to d quantum servers, where each server is equipped with a 2k-qubit register that is used to process only k qubits of the delegated quantum circuit. None of servers can learn any information about the input and output of the computation. The only requirement for the client is that he or she has ability to prepare four possible qubits in the state of (|0⟩+eiθ|1⟩)/2, where θ∈{0,π/2,π,3π/2}. The only requirement for servers is that each pair of them share some entangled states (|0⟩|+⟩+|1⟩|−⟩)/2 as ancillary qubits. Instead of assuming that all servers are interconnected directly by quantum channels, we introduce a third party in our protocol that is designed to distribute the entangled states between those servers. This would simplify the quantum network because the servers do not need to share a quantum channel. In the end, we show that our protocol can guarantee unconditional security of the computation under the situation where all servers, including the third party, are honest-but-curious and allowed to cooperate with each other.
Quantum computing has seen tremendous progress in the past few years. However, due to limitations in the scalability of quantum technologies, it seems that we are far from constructing universal quantum computers for everyday users. A more feasible solution is the delegation of computation to powerful quantum servers on the network. This solution was proposed in previous studies of blind quantum computation, with guarantees for both the secrecy of the input and of the computation being performed. In this work, we further develop this idea of computing over encrypted data, to propose a multiparty delegated quantum computing protocol in the measurement-based quantum computing framework. We prove the security of the protocol against a dishonest server and against dishonest clients, under the assumption of common classical cryptographic constructions.
Multi-Party Quantum Computation (MPQC) has attracted a lot of attention as a potential killer-app for quantum networks through it's ability to preserve privacy and integrity of the highly valuable computations they would enable. Contributing to the latest challenges in this field, we present a composable protocol achieving blindness and verifiability even in the case of a single honest client. The security of our protocol is reduced, in an information-theoretically secure way, to that of a classical composable Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) used to coordinate the various parties. Our scheme thus provides a statistically secure upgrade of such classical scheme to a quantum one with the same level of security. In addition, (i) the clients can delegate their computation to a powerful fully fault-tolerant server and only need to perform single qubit operations to unlock the full potential of multi-party quantum computation; (ii) the amount of quantum communication with the server is reduced to sending quantum states at the beginning of the computation and receiving the output states at the end, which is optimal and removes the need for interactive quantum communication; and (iii) it has a low constant multiplicative qubit overhead compared to the single-client delegated protocol it is built upon. The main technical ingredient of our paper is the bootstraping of the MPQC construction by Double Blind Quantum Computation, a new composable resource for blind multiparty quantum computation, that demonstrates the surprising fact that the full protocol does not require verifiability of all components to achieve security.
The engineering challenges involved in building large scale quantum computers, and the associated infrastructure requirements, mean that when such devices become available it is likely that this will be in limited numbers and in limited geographic locations. It is likely that many users will need to rely on remote access to delegate their computation to the available hardware. In such a scenario, the privacy and reliability of the delegated computations are important concerns. On the other hand, the distributed nature of modern computations has led to a widespread class of applications in which a group of parties attempt to perform a joint task over their inputs, e.g., in cloud computing. In this paper, we study the multi-client delegated quantum computation problem where we consider the global computation be made up of local computations that are individually decided by the clients. Each client part is kept secret from the server and the other clients. We construct a composable secure multi-client delegated quantum computation scheme from any composable secure single-client delegated quantum computation protocol and quantum authentication codes.