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Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics

Algebraic Model of Non-Abelian Superselection Rules Considering Conjugate Endomorphism

A. S. Nikitin, Аirat Sitdikov

Published Jan 1, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we consider an extension of the previously proposed algebraic model and study the constraints of non-Abelian superselection rules on the transfer quantum information, taking into account conjugate endomorphism. The procedure of averaging (over the group $$G=SU(3)$$ ) projectors to the basic states of coherent orthogonal subspaces into which the space of two three-level systems decomposes is considered. Main attention is paid to the superselection structure of the algebra of observables $${}^{0}O_{G}$$ defined by the Cuntz algebra $${}^{0}O_{d=3}$$ (field algebra) containing $${}^{0}O_{G}$$ as a pointwise fixed subalgebra with respect to the action of the gauge group $$G$$ . As an application of the model, we consider the encoding of information using a three-level system and show that information can be transmitted only by those states whose projectors belong to the algebra of observables. These projectors commute with the elements of the representation of the group $$G$$ , and therefore, allow the recipient to restore the obtained information.

DOI
10.1134/s1995080224010396

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In this work, a model of a symmetric tensor 𝐶*-category with conjugation is constructed for the dimension of the object 𝑑 = 3. It is proved that the constructed conjugate object of the category satisfies the conjugation equations. The classes of morphisms between objects of the modeled category are considered and studied, and the algebra of observables in the presence of such an conjugate object is introduced. As an application of the model, we consider the theory of quantum information transfer, where it is necessary to take into account the constraints associated with the superselection rules.
The appearance of the Cuntz algebras Od is a generic feature of local quantum field theory. This fact has been discovered by S. Doplicher and J. E. Roberts within the algebraic theory of superselection sectors. Generators of the Cuntz algebras arise as charged field operators which implement localized endomorphisms of the observable algebra. Whereas the existence of such operators can be derived from first principles, little is known about the actual construction of these fields in concrete models. In view of this apparent discrepancy, we develop a comprehensive theory of quasi-free endomorphisms of the CAR and CCR algebras which give rise to representations of the Cuntz algebras Od on Fock space. The number d is the statistics dimension of the endomorphism. It can be any power of 2 (including 1 and infinite) in the CAR case, but takes only the values 1 and infinite in the CCR case. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for implementability of quasi- free endomorphisms. By studying extensions of partial Fock states, we find that the semigroup of implementable quasi-free endomorphisms has a simple structure: It can be written as a product of a group of automorphisms which are close to the identity, and the semigroup of endomorphisms which leave the given Fock state invariant. We describe the construction of the implementers of a quasi-free endomorphism in terms of annihilation and creation operators in is a generic feature of local quantum field theory. This fact has been discovered by S. Doplicher and J. E. Roberts within the algebraic theory of superselection sectors. Generators of the Cuntz algebras arise as charged field operators which implement localized endomorphisms of the observable algebra. Whereas the existence of such operators can be derived from first principles, little is known about the actual construction of these fields in concrete models. We compare the structure of the semigroup of (gauge invariant) quasi-free endomorphisms with the generic superselection structure of quantum field theory.
From the logic approach to quantum and classical mechanics, the W*−algebraic approach is deduced in dependence of a suitable ’’prestate.’’ An algebraic representation of the logic description is in fact constructed in a framework in which continuous superselection rules can be present. Logic propositions, observables, and states are represented by decomposable projections, decomposable self−adjoint operators, and normal states in a direct integral of Hilbert spaces. In this representation each algebraic term becomes the representative of a homologous logic one and the expectation values as well as the superselection rules are conserved. When a principle of ’’undistinguishability’’ is taken into account, the representation is faithful. In the classical case, the representation results in Koopman’s formalism.
We prove Haag duality for cone-like regions in the ground state representation corresponding to the translational invariant ground state of Kitaev’s quantum double model for finite abelian groups. This property says that if an observable commutes with all observables localized outside the cone region, it actually is an element of the von Neumann algebra generated by the local observables inside the cone. This strengthens locality, which says that observables localized in disjoint regions commute. As an application, we consider the superselection structure of the quantum double model for abelian groups on an infinite lattice in the spirit of the Doplicher–Haag–Roberts program in algebraic quantum field theory. We find that, as is the case for the toric code model on an infinite lattice, the superselection structure is given by the category of irreducible representations of the quantum double.