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Results in Physics

Soliton transformation in a cold Rydberg atomic system

Shunfang Chen, Min Zhu, Jia‐Xin Peng, Xi Fan, Jun-Rong He, Zhuo Fan, Yuan Zhao, Huihong Gong, Si-Liu Xu

Published May 9, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This work presents a method for achieving soliton transformation in a cold Rydberg atomic system to enable the realization of diverse optical potentials. Our investigation demonstrates that this system can generate various solitons, including Gaussian, elliptical, ring, and necklace structures, based on different optical lattice potentials. Additionally, stable transitions from Gaussian profile to three other profiles can be achieved either abruptly or gradually by adjusting the centers and modulation depths of potentials along the direction of light propagation. These findings highlight the versatility of this system for generating and manipulating solitons. The ability to control soliton transformation offers prospects for various applications, including all-optical switching, optical information processing, and other areas.

DOI
10.1016/j.rinp.2024.107744

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This work presents a method for achieving soliton transformation in a cold Rydberg atomic system to enable the realization of diverse optical potentials. Our investigation demonstrates that this system can generate various solitons, including Gaussian, elliptical, ring, and necklace structures, based on different optical lattice potentials. Additionally, stable transitions from Gaussian profile to three other profiles can be achieved either abruptly or gradually by adjusting the centers and modulation depths of potentials along the direction of light propagation. These findings highlight the versatility of this system for generating and manipulating solitons. The ability to control soliton transformation offers prospects for various applications, including all-optical switching, optical information processing, and other areas.
We present a novel approach to realize three-dimensional (3D) matter wave solitons (MWSs) transformation between different optical potential wells by manipulating their depths and centers. The 3D MWSs are obtained by the square operator method, and transformed to other types (elliptical/ring/necklace) by performing time evolution with the split-step Fourier method. The effectiveness and reliability of our approach is demonstrated by comparing the transformed solitons with those obtained iteratively using the square operator method. Redistribution of MWSs are observed due to the modulation of potentials. In certain complex optical potential wells, we demonstrate the generation of exotic MWSs, such as double gyration modes, through this transformation approach. Overall, the controllable soliton transformation provides an excellent opportunity for all-optical switching, optical information processing, and various other applications.
We investigate the optical soliton and patterns within a system exhibiting a ladder-type Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency configuration, controlled by a moir\'e lattice potential. By designing theoretically the optical moir\'e lattice, we study its localization-delocalization transition and numerically demonstrate the conditions for stable high-dimensional solitons in a commensurate and an incommensurate moir\'e lattice, respectively. Through modulation instability analysis and numerical simulations, on the one hand, we find that the solitons and vortices exhibit exceptional stability in the self-focusing Kerr nonlinear system. On the other hand, our simulations further reveal the emergence of various extended structures, including polygonal, hexagonal, square, annular, and droplet patterns in self-defocusing Kerr nonlinear system. We also demonstrate various structural phase transitions of the optical patterns by actively manipulating the moir\'e lattice constant and the strength of nonlinear interactions, resulting in a diverse range of ground-state patterns. Our paper provides a versatile platform for manipulating and controlling light-matter interactions in Rydberg atomic ensembles, opening avenues for future research in designing and controlling complex light structures using Rydberg atomic systems.
Realizing single light solitons that are stable in high dimensions is a long-standing goal in research of nonlinear optical physics. Here, we address a scheme to generate stable two-dimensional solitons in a cold Rydberg atomic system with a parity-time (PT) symmetric moiré optical lattice. We uncover the formation, properties, and their dynamics of fundamental and two-pole gap solitons as well as vortical ones. The PT symmetry, lattice strength, and the degrees of local and nonlocal nonlinearity are tunable and can be used to control solitons. The stability regions of these solitons are evaluated in two numerical ways: linear-stability analysis and time evolutions with perturbations. Our results provide an insightful understanding of solitons physics in combined versatile platforms of PT-symmetric systems and Rydberg–Rydberg interaction in cold gases.
Realizing single light bullets and vortices that are stable in high dimensions is a long-standing goal in the study of nonlinear optical physics. On the other hand, the storage and retrieval of such stable high dimensional optical pulses may offer a variety of applications. Here we present a scheme to generate such optical pulses in a cold Rydberg atomic gas. By virtue of electromagnetically induced transparency, strong, long-range atom-atom interaction in Rydberg states is mapped to light fields, resulting in a giant, fast-responding nonlocal Kerr nonlinearity and the formation of light bullets and vortices carrying orbital angular momenta, which have extremely low generation power, very slow propagation velocity, and can stably propagate, with the stability provided by the combination of local and the nonlocal Kerr nonlinearities. We demonstrate that the light bullets and vortices obtained can be stored and retrieved in the system with high efficiency and fidelity. Our study provides a new route for manipulating high-dimensional nonlinear optical processes via the controlled optical nonlinearities in cold Rydberg gases.
We propose a physical setup to realize parity-time (PT) symmetric moiré optical lattices (ML) and nonlocal optical solitons in a cold Rydberg atomic system with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We also show that based on the PT symmetry lattice strength and giant nonlocal Kerr nonlinearity originated from the strong, long-range atom–atom interaction, the system supports two-dimension (2D) nonlocal solitons with very low light intensity. By using numerical simulation method, we uncover the formation, properties, and dynamics of higher-order solitons and vortical ones. Our study opens a route for developing non-Hermitian nonlinear optics, especially for realizing and controlling high-dimensional weak-light optical solitons through adjustable PT-symmetric moiré lattice parameters and giant nonlocal optical nonlinearity.
Quantum reflection refers to a nonvanishing reflection probability in the absence of a classically turning point. Much attention has been paid to such reflections due to their fundamental, intriguing physics and potential practical applications. Here we propose a scheme to realize a quantum reflection of nonlocal nonlinear optical beams in a cold Rydberg atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency working in a dispersion regime. Based on the long-range interaction between Rydberg atoms, we found that the system supports low-power nonlocal optical solitons. Such nonlocal solitons can display a sharp transition between reflection, trapping, and transmission when scattered by a linear attractive potential, created by gate photons stored in another Rydberg state. Different from conventional physical systems explored up to now, the quantum reflection of the nonlocal optical solitons in the Rydberg atomic gas exhibits interesting anomalous behavior, which can be actively manipulated by tuning the incident velocity and intensity of the probe field, as well as the nonlocality of the Kerr nonlinearity inherent in the Rydberg atomic gas. The results reported here are not only useful for developing Rydberg nonlinear optics but also helpful for characterizing the physical property of the Rydberg gas and for designing novel nonlinear optical devices.