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ACM Transactions on Algorithms

Efficient Decoding up to a Constant Fraction of the Code Length for Asymptotically Good Quantum Codes

Anthony Leverrier, Gilles Zémor

Published May 7, 2024• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce and analyse an efficient decoder for quantum Tanner codes that can correct adversarial errors of linear weight. Previous decoders for quantum low-density parity-check codes could only handle adversarial errors of weight \(O(\sqrt{n\log n})\) . We also work on the link between quantum Tanner codes and the lifted product codes of Panteleev and Kalachev and show that our decoder can be adapted to the latter. The decoding algorithm alternates between sequential and parallel procedures and converges in linear time.

DOI
10.1145/3663763

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We introduce and analyse an efficient decoder for quantum Tanner codes that can correct adversarial errors of linear weight. Previous decoders for quantum low-density parity-check codes could only handle adversarial errors of weight (O(\sqrt{n\log n})) . We also work on the link between quantum Tanner codes and the lifted product codes of Panteleev and Kalachev and show that our decoder can be adapted to the latter. The decoding algorithm alternates between sequential and parallel procedures and converges in linear time.
We introduce and analyse an efficient decoder for the quantum Tanner codes of that can correct adversarial errors of linear weight. Previous decoders for quantum low-density parity-check codes could only handle adversarial errors of weight O(nlog⁡n)O(\sqrt{n \log n})O(nlogn​). We also work on the link between quantum Tanner codes and the Lifted Product codes of Panteleev and Kalachev, and show that our decoder can be adapted to the latter. The decoding algorithm alternates between sequential and parallel procedures and converges in linear time.
We introduce and analyse an efficient decoder for quantum Tanner codes that can correct adversarial errors of linear weight. Previous decoders for quantum low-density parity-check codes could only handle adversarial errors of weight . We also work on the link between quantum Tanner codes and the Lifted Product codes of Panteleev and Kalachev, and show that our decoder can be adapted to the latter. The decoding algorithm alternates between sequential and parallel procedures and converges in linear time.
We introduce sequential and parallel decoders for quantum Tanner codes. When the Tanner code construction is applied to a sufficiently expanding square complex with robust local codes, we obtain a family of asymptotically good quantum low-density parity-check codes. In this case, our decoders provably correct arbitrary errors of weight linear in the code length, respectively in linear or logarithmic time. The same decoders are easily adapted to the expander lifted product codes of Panteleev and Kalachev. Along the way, we exploit recently established bounds on the robustness of random tensor codes to give a tighter bound on the minimum distance of quantum Tanner codes.
Quantum Tanner codes are a class of quantum low-density parity-check codes that provably display a linear minimum distance and a constant encoding rate in the asymptotic limit. When built from left--right Cayley complexes, they can be described through a lifting procedure and a base code, which we characterize. We also compute the dimension of quantum Tanner codes when the right degree of the complex is 2. Finally, we perform an extensive search over small groups and identify instances of quantum Tanner codes with parameters [[144,12,11]][[144,12,11]][[144,12,11]], [[432,20,≤22]][[432,20,\leq 22]][[432,20,≤22]] and [[576,28,≤24]][[576,28,\leq 24]][[576,28,≤24]] for generators of weight 9.
Recent developments have shown the existence of quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes with constant rate and linear distance. A natural question concerns the efficient decodability of these codes. In this paper, we present a linear time decoder for the recent quantum Tanner codes construction of asymptotically good qLDPC codes, which can correct all errors of weight up to a constant fraction of the blocklength. Our decoder is an iterative algorithm which searches for corrections within constant-sized regions. At each step, the corrections are found by reducing a locally defined and efficiently computable cost function which serves as a proxy for the weight of the remaining error.
We study the decoding problem for quantum Tanner codes and propose to exploit the underlying local code structure by grouping check nodes into more powerful generalized check nodes for enhanced iterative belief propagation (BP) decoding by decoding the generalized checks using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder as part of the check node processing of each decoding iteration. We mainly study the finite-length setting and show that the proposed enhanced generalized BP decoder for quantum Tanner codes significantly outperforms the standard quaternary BP decoder with memory effects, as well as the recently proposed Relay-BP decoder, even outperforming generalized bicycle (GB) codes with comparable parameters in some cases. For other classes of quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, we propose a greedy algorithm to combine checks for generalized BP decoding. However, for GB codes, bivariate bicycle codes, hypergraph product codes, and lifted-product codes, there seems to be limited gain by combining simple checks into more powerful ones. To back up our findings, we also provide a theoretical cycle analysis for the considered qLDPC codes. This leads us to a construction criterion for quantum Tanner codes that produces codes particularly well-suited for BP decoding.