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Optics Communications

Optical microcavity formation and ultrafast control using half-cycle attosecond pulses in two- and three-level media

Olga Diachkova, Rostislav M. Arkhipov, M.V. Arkhipov, A. V. Pakhomov, Nikolay N. Rosanov

Published May 6, 2024• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2024.130666

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Dynamic structures created by asymmetric collisions of half-cycle attosecond pulses in a time-varying resonant medium

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Half-cycle attosecond pulses formed from an electromagnetic field half-wave have the shortest duration in a given spectral interval. When these pulses interact coherently with the medium, new types of spatial structures of population inversion may emerge on each resonant transition. Based on numerical calculations, we examine the possibility of ultrafast control of these structures, such as microcavities, in an asymmetric collision of half-cycle pulses in a medium. We demonstrate that it is possible to create dynamic microcavities with controlled parameters, as well as divide the medium into different regions of near-constant population inversion. The selectivity effect is observed, with deeper structures formed on one transition than another, highlighting the possibility of fine-tuning these processes. The results show that time-dependent media could be realized in a conventional resonant medium with discrete energy levels using half-cycle pulses.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•May 14, 2025•3 citations
Rapidly changing the refractive index of a medium in space and time (space-time photonic crystal, STPC) has been a challenging task. Such a rapid change can be achieved by carrier-wave Rabi flopping. We show that it can be realized when a train of half-cycle light pulses collide in a simple three-level atomic medium. We found the formation of Bragg microcavities and demonstrated their ultrafast control in this case. The proposed approach is a convenient way to control medium properties on the sub-cycle time scale. It is a demonstration of the formation of STPCs and their ultrafast control in a simple atomic medium, which has been a difficult task until now.
Recently, the possibility of the generation and interaction of unipolar half-cycle electromagnetic pulses with quantum systems has been the subject of active research. Such pulses can have many different and interesting applications. They are able to excite quantum systems very fast. Based on the numerical solution of Maxwell-Bloch equations, this paper theoretically studies the possibility of guiding and ultrafast controlling population difference gratings by a sequence of half-cycle attosecond pulses in a three-level resonant medium. The parameters of the model medium (transition frequencies and dipole moments of the transitions) are close to those found in the hydrogen atom. We show the possibility of guiding periodic gratings and dynamic microcavities on different resonance transitions of the medium. In this case, the medium considered is an example of a spatiotemporal photonic crystal. The refractive index varies rapidly in space and time. The possibility of the use of such gratings as Bragg mirrors in ultrafast optics is discussed. The results obtained are of interest in two actively developing areas of modern optics - the physics of half-cycle pulses and space-time photonic crystals.
Half-cycle attosecond pulses formed from an electromagnetic field half-wave have the shortest duration in a given spectral interval. When these pulses interact coherently with the medium, new types of spatial structures of population inversion may emerge on each resonant transition. Based on numerical calculations, we examine the possibility of ultrafast control of these structures, such as microcavities, in an asymmetric collision of half-cycle pulses in a medium. We demonstrate that it is possible to create dynamic microcavities with controlled parameters, as well as divide the medium into different regions of near-constant population inversion. The selectivity effect is observed, with deeper structures formed on one transition than another, highlighting the possibility of fine-tuning these processes. The results show that time-dependent media could be realized in a conventional resonant medium with discrete energy levels using half-cycle pulses.