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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II

Magnetic communications with optically-pumped magnetometers and its relationship to multi-parameter quantum sensing

Morgan W. Mitchell

Published Mar 13, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1117/12.3012388

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Rubidium laser optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are widely used magnetic sensors based on the Zeeman effect, laser pumping, and magnetic resonance principles. They measure the magnetic field by measuring the magnetic resonance signal passing through a rubidium atomic gas cell. The quality of the magnetic resonance signal is a necessary condition for a magnetometer to achieve high sensitivity. In this research, to obtain the best magnetic resonance signal of rubidium laser OPMs in the Earth’s magnetic field intensity, the experiment system of rubidium laser OPMs is built with a rubidium atomic gas cell as the core component. The linewidth and amplitude ratio (LAR) of magnetic resonance signals is utilized as the optimization objective function. The magnetic resonance signals of the magnetometer experiment system are experimentally measured for different laser frequencies, radio frequency (RF) intensities, laser powers, and atomic gas cell temperatures in a background magnetic field of 50,765 nT. The experimental results indicate that optimizing these parameters can reduce the LAR by one order of magnitude. This shows that the optimal parameter combination can effectively improve the sensitivity of the magnetometer. The sensitivity defined using the noise spectral density measured under optimal experimental parameters is 1.5 pT/Hz1/2@1 Hz. This work will provide key technical support for rubidium laser OPMs’ product development.

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We introduce and demonstrate a hybrid optically pumped magnetometer (HOPM) that simultaneously measures one dc field component and one rf field component quadrature with a single atomic spin ensemble. The HOPM achieves sub-pT/Hz\mathrm{pT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}pT/Hz​ sensitivity for both dc and rf fields, and is limited in sensitivity by spin projection noise at low frequencies and by photon shot noise at high frequencies. We demonstrate with the HOPM an alternative application of multiparameter quantum sensing: background-canceling spread spectrum magnetic communication. We encode a digital message as rf amplitude, spread among 16 channels from 29 to 33 kHz in a noisy magnetic environment, and observe quantum-noise-limited rf magnetic signal recovery enabled by quantum-noise-limited dc noise cancelation, reaching noise rejection of 15 dB at 100 Hz and more than 20 dB at 60 Hz and below. We measure signal fidelity versus signal strength and extrinsic noise in communication of a short text message. The combination of high sensitivity, quantum-noise-limited performance, and real-world application potential makes the HOPM ideally suited for the study of high-performance multiparameter quantum sensing.
Quantum sensing has appeared as a promising technique to push the sensitivities of sensors to inherent classical physical limitations. In particular, quantum magnetometers opens the possibilities of new range of applications where extreme sensitivities are needed. A zero field Optically Pumped Magnetometer (OPM), coupled to a conical magnetic guide (MG) is known as a promising technique to improve the spatial resolution of the sensor. This coupling, though, can produce disturbances in the optimal sensing point. In this work a set of compensating coils is designed to reduce the impact of the magnetic guide in the initial sub-15 $\fT/\sqrt{Hz}$ sensitivity of the commercial QuSpin QZFM. First, the system and different strategies are studied theoretically and later implemented experimentally, improving the sensitivity in the OPM-MG by an order of magnitude, from 100 fT/HzfT/\sqrt{Hz}fT/Hz​ originally, to 10 fT/HzfT/\sqrt{Hz}fT/Hz​.
Rubidium laser optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are widely used magnetic sensors based on the Zeeman effect, laser pumping, and magnetic resonance principles. They measure the magnetic field by measuring the magnetic resonance signal passing through a rubidium atomic gas cell. The quality of the magnetic resonance signal is a necessary condition for a magnetometer to achieve high sensitivity. In this research, to obtain the best magnetic resonance signal of rubidium laser OPMs in the Earth’s magnetic field intensity, the experiment system of rubidium laser OPMs is built with a rubidium atomic gas cell as the core component. The linewidth and amplitude ratio (LAR) of magnetic resonance signals is utilized as the optimization objective function. The magnetic resonance signals of the magnetometer experiment system are experimentally measured for different laser frequencies, radio frequency (RF) intensities, laser powers, and atomic gas cell temperatures in a background magnetic field of 50,765 nT. The experimental results indicate that optimizing these parameters can reduce the LAR by one order of magnitude. This shows that the optimal parameter combination can effectively improve the sensitivity of the magnetometer. The sensitivity defined using the noise spectral density measured under optimal experimental parameters is 1.5 pT/Hz1/2@1 Hz. This work will provide key technical support for rubidium laser OPMs’ product development.