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Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Enhancing LiDAR performance using classical/quantum time-frequency correlations

Amr Saher Helmy, Han Liu, Phillip S. Blakey

Published Mar 13, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work will describe methodologies founded on time-frequency correlation also offer inspiration for classical target detection protocols with significantly higher source power, thereby extending the detection range. Remarkably, classical correlated probe-reference light, despite appearing random and chaotic, can reconstruct sub-Hz level single-frequency SFG output. In contrast, uncorrelated noise light doesn't undergo SFG and is entirely rejected. Consequently, background noise can be effectively distinguished, leading to a rejection capability exceeding 100dB, while the SFG process achieves nearly 100% efficiency in converting true probe photons.

DOI
10.1117/12.3009340

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This work will describe methodologies founded on time-frequency correlation also offer inspiration for classical target detection protocols with significantly higher source power, thereby extending the detection range. Remarkably, classical correlated probe-reference light, despite appearing random and chaotic, can reconstruct sub-Hz level single-frequency SFG output. In contrast, uncorrelated noise light doesn't undergo SFG and is entirely rejected. Consequently, background noise can be effectively distinguished, leading to a rejection capability exceeding 100dB, while the SFG process achieves nearly 100% efficiency in converting true probe photons.
Entanglement and correlation of quantum light can enhance LiDAR sensitivity in the presence of strong background noise. However, the power of such quantum sources is fundamentally limited to a stream of single photons and cannot compete with the detection range of high-power classical LiDAR transmitters. To circumvent this, we develop and demonstrate a quantum-inspired LiDAR prototype based on coherent measurement of classical time-frequency correlations. This system uses a high-power classical source and maintains the high noise rejection advantage of quantum LiDARs. In particular, we show that it can achieve over 100dB rejection (with 100ms integration time) of indistinguishable(with statistically identical properties in every degrees of freedom) in-band noise while still being sensitive to single photon signals. In addition to the LiDAR demonstration, we also discuss the potential of the proposed LiDAR receiver for quantum information applications. In particular, we propose the chaotic quantum frequency conversion technique for coherent manipulation of high dimensional quantum states of light. It is shown that this technique can provide improved performance in terms of selectivity and efficiency as compared to pulse-based quantum frequency conversion.
Entanglement and correlation of quantum light can enhance LiDAR sensitivity in the presence of strong background noise. However, the power of such quantum sources is fundamentally limited to a stream of single photons and cannot compete with the detection range of high-power classical LiDAR transmitters. To circumvent this, we develop and demonstrate a quantum-inspired LiDAR prototype based on coherent measurement of classical time-frequency correlation. This system uses a high-power classical source and maintains the high noise rejection advantage of quantum LiDARs. In particular, we show that it can achieve over 100dB rejection (with 100ms integration time) of indistinguishable (with statistically identical properties in every degree of freedom) in-band noise while still being sensitive to single photon signals. In addition to the LiDAR demonstration, we also discuss the potential of the proposed LiDAR receiver for quantum information applications. In particular, we propose the chaotic quantum frequency conversion technique for coherent manipulation of high dimensional quantum states of light. It is shown that this technique can provide improved performance in terms of selectivity and efficiency as compared to pulse-based quantum frequency conversion.
Quantum light detection and ranging (LiDAR) utilizes quantum entanglement and correlation to improve precision, noise resilience and covertness of target detection. Despite recent advances, the development of a quantum LiDAR system that simultaneously achieves high precision and a large measurement range remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a quantum amplitude-modulated continuous wave LiDAR with micrometer precision achievable via increased acquisition time and meter-scale measurement range. In our demonstration, the signal photons directly illuminate the target, while the idler photons are non-locally modulated with a high-frequency cosine wave and never interact with the target. By leveraging the non-local modulation and the quantum correlation, the target detection is achieved with a precision of 0.64 ±\pm± 0.06 mm within one second over a measurement range of 2-8 m. As the acquisition time is up to 500 s, the system achieves a precision of 29 ± 4 μm\pm\ 4{\ \mathrm{μm}}± 4 μm. Furthermore, our system realizes a 50 times precision improvement over the classical single-photon scheme in a background noise 37 dB stronger than the returned probe photons. With these advantages, our method will open venues for the development of high-precision, long-range, and noise-resilient target detection.
In order to enhance LIDAR performance metrics such as target detection sensitivity, noise resilience and ranging accuracy, we exploit the strong temporal correlation within the photon pairs generated in continuous-wave pumped semiconductor waveguides. The enhancement attained through the use of such non-classical sources is measured and compared to a corresponding target detection scheme based on simple photon-counting detection. The performances of both schemes are quantified by the estimation uncertainty and Fisher information of the probe photon transmission, which is a widely adopted sensing figure of merit. The target detection experiments are conducted with high probe channel loss (≃1−5×10−5\simeq 1-5\times10^{-5}≃1−5×10−5) and formidable environment noise up to 36 dB stronger than the detected probe power of 1.64×10−51.64\times 10^{-5}1.64×10−5 pW. The experimental result shows significant advantages offered by the enhanced scheme with up to 26.3 dB higher performance in terms of estimation uncertainty, which is equivalent to a reduction of target detection time by a factor of 430 or 146 (21.6 dB) times more resilience to noise. We also experimentally demonstrated ranging with these non-classical photon pairs generated with continuous-wave pump in the presence of strong noise and loss, achieving ≈\approx≈5 cm distance resolution that is limited by the temporal resolution of the detectors.
In this article, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally how one can exploit correlations generated in monolithic semiconductor quantum light sources to enhance the performance of optical target detection. A prototype target detection protocol, the quantum time-correlation (QTC) detection protocol, with spontaneous parametric down-converted photon-pair sources, is discussed. The QTC protocol only requires time-resolved photon-counting detection, which is phase-insensitive and therefore suitable for optical target detection. As a comparison to the QTC detection protocol, we also consider a classical phase-insensitive target detection protocol based on intensity detection. We formulated the target detection problem as a probe light transmission estimation problem, and we quantify the target detection performance with the Fisher information criterion and the receiver operation characteristic analysis. Unlike classical target detection and ranging protocols, the probe photons in our QTC detection protocol are completely indistinguishable from the background noise and therefore useful for covert ranging applications. Finally, our technological platform is highly scalable and tunable and thus amenable to large scale integration necessary for practical applications.