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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

Experimental Evaluation of Network-Controlled Physical-Layer Security Through Friendly Jamming

Sayed Amir Hoseini, Parastoo Sadeghi, Fayçal Bouhafs, Neda Aboutorab, Frank den Hartog

Published Jan 1, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we present a real-life, cost-effective implementation of physical layer security (PLS) using friendly jamming (FJ) and the IEEE 802.11 technology. Our approach is based on a recent development in software-defined networking (SDN) called spectrum programming, where a network controller can execute an intelligent access point (AP) selection algorithm to connect the user station to the AP that provides the most secrecy while exploiting idle APs as jammers. Considering a system with two APs, our first contribution is a theoretical optimization of the power of FJ based on system power parameters, as well as distances between the two APs and the user station and the eavesdropper station. Our second contribution is demonstrating not only that PLS can be implemented with commercial-off-the-shelf Wi-Fi devices, but also that our theoretical network-centric approach allows for a significant increase of secrecy capacity and secrecy coverage by applying FJ. Our experiments show that the theoretical optimization of the transmit power of the jamming AP is valid in practice, effectively maximizing the throughput gap between the user and the eavesdropper. To our best knowledge, this is the first work linking information-theoretic optimization of FJ in PLS to a real-world implementation, which is compatible with Wi-Fi standards and devices.

DOI
10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3393023

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•Aug 22, 2023•1 citation
In this paper, we present a real-life, cost-effective implementation of physical layer security (PLS) using friendly jamming (FJ) and the IEEE 802.11 technology. Our approach is based on a recent development in software-defined networking (SDN) called spectrum programming, where a network controller can execute an intelligent access point (AP) selection algorithm to connect the user station to the AP that provides the most secrecy while exploiting idle APs as jammers. Considering a system with two APs, our first contribution is a theoretical optimization of the power of FJ based on system power parameters, as well as distances between the two APs and the user station and the eavesdropper station. Our second contribution is demonstrating not only that PLS can be implemented with commercial-off-the-shelf Wi-Fi devices, but also that our theoretical network-centric approach allows for a significant increase of secrecy capacity and secrecy coverage by applying FJ. Our experiments show that the theoretical optimization of the transmit power of the jamming AP is valid in practice, effectively maximizing the throughput gap between the user and the eavesdropper. To our best knowledge, this is the first work linking information-theoretic optimization of FJ in PLS to a real-world implementation, which is compatible with Wi-Fi standards and devices.
Physical layer security (PLS) provides lightweight security solutions in which security is achieved based on the inherent random characteristics of the wireless medium. In this paper, we consider the PLS approach called friendly jamming (FJ), which is more practical thanks to its low computational complexity. State-of-the-art methods require that legitimate users have full channel state information (CSI) of their channel. Thanks to the recent promising application of the autoencoder (AE) in communication, we propose a new FJ method for PLS using AE without prior knowledge of the CSI. The proposed AE-based FJ method can provide good secrecy performance while avoiding explicit CSI estimation. We also apply the recently proposed tool for mutual information neural estimation (MINE) to evaluate the secrecy capacity. Moreover, we leverage MINE to avoid end-to-end learning in AE-based FJ.
Physical layer security is an emerging security area that achieves perfect secrecy data transmission between intended network nodes, while malicious nodes that eavesdrop the communication obtain zero information. The so-called secrecy capacity can be improved using friendly jammers that introduce extra interference to the eavesdroppers. We investigate the interaction between the source that transmits the useful data and friendly jammers who assist the source by "masking" the eavesdropper. To obtain distributed solution, we introduce a game theoretic approach. The game is defined such that the source pays the jammers to interfere the eavesdropper, therefore, increasing the secrecy capacity. The friendly jammers charge the source with a certain price for the jamming, and there is a tradeoff for the price. If too low, the profit of the jammers is low; and if too high, the source would not buy the "service" (jamming power) or would buy it from other jammers. To analyze the game outcome, we investigate a Stackelburg type of game and construct a distributed algorithm. Our analysis and simulation results show the effectiveness of friendly jamming and the tradeoff for setting the price. The distributed game solution is shown to have similar performances to those of the centralized one.
Covert communication and physical layer security (PLS) have emerged as two essential pillars for safeguarding wireless networks against increasingly sophisticated eavesdropping and surveillance threats. This paper investigates a downlink hybrid power–frequency multiple access (HPMA) system aided by a friendly jammer, where a single source communicates with two legitimate users in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. By jointly exploiting the power and frequency domains, the proposed HPMA scheme achieves clear advantages in terms of covertness and secrecy performance compared to conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes. For performance analysis, we derive closed-form and approximated expressions for key metrics, including detection error probability (DEP), secrecy outage probability (SOP), effective secrecy throughput (EST), and average secrecy capacity (ASC), which reveal important trade-offs among resource allocation, jammer power, and secrecy reliability. To further reduce the computational burden of conventional analysis, a regression-based deep neural network (DNN) framework is developed to efficiently predict the secrecy performance of the considered system. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical results and confirm the superiority of the proposed HPMA scheme with friendly jamming. These findings provide useful insights for the design of future secure and covert wireless systems with low-complexity and intelligent physical-layer security requirements.
In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security for heterogeneous networks (HetNets), where the confidential message transmitted to each legitimate user can be eavesdropped by multiple eavesdroppers. To enhance the secrecy performance, we introduce friendly jammers and full duplex users in our model. We propose a jammer selection scheme based on average user received jamming power. The jammers whose interference power on the scheduled users less than a threshold are selected to transmit independent artificial noise to confound the passive eavesdroppers. Furthermore, the scheduled users try to jam the eavesdroppers around using full duplex capacity. Using the tools from stochastic geometry, we derive the theoretical analyses of user connection probability and secrecy probability. In particular, the locations of selected jammers are modeled by a Poisson hole process instead of more popular homogeneous Poisson point process. Our analytical results show a good agreement with the simulations. The ergodic secrecy rate in our scheme outperforms that in the traditional HetNets.
As the number of connected devices and the importance of mobile communications continue to increase, a greater emphasis must be placed on security. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless communications, wireless networks are very exposed to eavesdropping. While this can be addressed above the physical layers using encryption, this still allows the attacker to receive the message and future work may allow decryption. Physical layer security is an approach to security which exploits the wireless channel to prevent the attacker from decoding the message. This thesis examines the use of friendly jamming, in which some nodes in a network broadcast white noise in order to degrade the channel between the legitimate transmitter and the eavesdropper. We address two problems related to the use of friendly jamming to improve physical layer security. The first problem is routing a signal through a network while using the remaining nodes as jammers to secure the signal. This is solved as two convex problems of allocating power to the jammers and routing the signal using those jammers to secure the transmission. This is shown to be a feasible method to increase security in a network. The second problem is estimating the self-interference channel (SIC) without using a calibration period for full-duplex jamming receivers. As the transmitter cannot transmit while the receiver estimates its SIC using a half duplex pilot signal, eliminating the calibration period can represent a significant capacity gain. Estimating the channel while receiving the desired signal causes it to act as an additional noise source, but this is shown to be overcome through the use of long estimation times. Our proposed scheme is able to increase the secrecy capacity of the system over that of calibration based estimation.
Abstract In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security in an energy harvesting (EH) wireless network composed of a user (U) and a base station (BS) in the face of an eavesdropper. The total communication progress is divided into two phases. In the first phase, friendly jammers (Js) powered by a power beacon (PB). And in the remaining phase, the U sends messages to BS with the help of the Js. To improve the physical layer security, we propose an optimal friendly jammer selection (OFJS) scheme and a suboptimal friendly jammer selection (SFJS) scheme depending on the availability and unavailability of channel state information (CSI) for wiretap link. For the purpose of comparison, we present the random friendly jammer selection (RFJS) scheme. We derive the closedform expressions of connection outage probability (COP), secrecy outage probability (SOP) and effective secrecy throughput (EST) for OFJS, SFJS and RFJS schemes over Nakagami-m fading channels to evaluate the system secrecy performance. Numerical results show that the secrecy performance of proposed OFJS and SFJS schemes is better than that of RFJS scheme, demonstrating the advantage of proposed OFJS and SFJS schemes in improving the physical layer security, and moreover, the performance advantage becomes more significant with the increase of the number of Js. Additionally, due to the influence of COP, three schemes reach the same EST upper bound in the high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) region.