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Physical Review A

Energy-dependent dynamical quantum phase transitions in quasicrystals

Shihao Ye, Ziheng Zhou, Niaz Ali Khan, Gao Xianlong

Published Apr 22, 2024• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently the role of the mobility edge in localization transitions has been extensively studied for one-dimensional tight-binding quasiperiodic models. In this work we study the mobility edge in a family of quasiperiodic systems evolving far from equilibrium, such as quench dynamics. We report numerical simulations of the Loschmidt echo based on a polynomial expansion-based technique with a moderate computational cost. Remarkably, we obtain an identical energy dependence on the equilibrium and dynamical quantum phase transitions of quasiperiodic models. The self-dual energy-independent localization model under quench dynamics exhibits energy-independent dynamical quantum phase transitions. On the other hand, self-dual energy-dependent localization models undergo energy-dependent dynamical quantum phase transitions. The results provide insights into energy-dependent dynamical localization transitions in quasiperiodic systems relevant to experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.109.043319

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Recently the role of the mobility edge in localization transitions has been extensively studied for one-dimensional tight-binding quasiperiodic models. In this work we study the mobility edge in a family of quasiperiodic systems evolving far from equilibrium, such as quench dynamics. We report numerical simulations of the Loschmidt echo based on a polynomial expansion-based technique with a moderate computational cost. Remarkably, we obtain an identical energy dependence on the equilibrium and dynamical quantum phase transitions of quasiperiodic models. The self-dual energy-independent localization model under quench dynamics exhibits energy-independent dynamical quantum phase transitions. On the other hand, self-dual energy-dependent localization models undergo energy-dependent dynamical quantum phase transitions. The results provide insights into energy-dependent dynamical localization transitions in quasiperiodic systems relevant to experiments.
The understanding of quantum phase transitions in disordered or quasicrystal media is a central issue in condensed matter physics. In this paper we investigate localization properties of the two-dimensional Aubry-André model. We find that the system exhibits self-duality for the transformation between position and momentum spaces at a critical quasiperiodic potential, leading to an energy-independent Anderson transition. Most importantly, we present the implementation of an efficient and accurate algorithm based on the Chebyshev polynomial expansion of the Loschmidt echo, which characterizes the nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum quenched quasiperiodic systems. We analytically prove that the system under quench dynamics displays dynamical quantum phase transitions and further provide numerical verification by computing the polynomial expansion of the Loschmidt echo. Our results may provide insight into the realization of electronic transport in experiments.
Dynamical quantum phase transition is a nonstationary analog of the equilibrium quantum phase transitions that may occur after global quenches across a quantum phase transition in systems. In this work, we investigate the quench dynamics of single-particle tight-binding quasiperiodic lattices, where the quenching process originates and terminates within the same phases. Intriguingly, the system under quench dynamics undergoes an energy-dependent dynamical quantum phase transition, characterized by the singularities of the Loschmidt echo in time scale. Specifically, we find disentangling behavior between static and dynamical quantum phase transitions for eigenenergies excluding band edges. Remarkably, the connection between static and dynamical quantum phase transitions does not hold generally for all eigenenergies. Our findings suggest the existence of dynamical phase transitions inside the band energies without crossing the critical point under certain conditions. Our results pave the way to a deeper understanding of the energy-dependent nonequilibrium quench dynamics.
One-dimensional quasiperiodic systems with power-law hopping, 1/r^{a}, differ from both the standard Aubry-André (AA) model and from power-law systems with uncorrelated disorder. Whereas in the AA model all single-particle states undergo a transition from ergodic to localized at a critical quasidisorder strength, short-range power-law hops with a>1 can result in mobility edges. We find that there is no localization for long-range hops with a≤1, in contrast to the case of uncorrelated disorder. Systems with long-range hops rather present ergodic-to-multifractal edges and a phase transition from ergodic to multifractal (extended but nonergodic) states. Both mobility and ergodic-to-multifractal edges may be clearly revealed in experiments on expansion dynamics.
Much has been learned regarding dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT) due to sudden quenches across quantum critical points in traditional quantum systems. However, not much has been explored when a system undergoes a localization-delocalization transition. Here, we study one-dimensional fermionic systems in presence of a quasiperiodic potential, which induces delocalization-localization transition even in one dimension. We show signatures of DQPT in the many-body dynamics, when quenching is performed between phases belonging to different universality classes. We investigate how the nonanalyticity in the dynamical free energy gets affected with filling fractions in the bare system and, further, study the fate of DQPT under interaction. Strikingly, whenever quenching is performed from the low-entangled localized phase to the high-entangled delocalized phase, our studies suggest an intimate relationship between DQPT and the rate of the entanglement growth: Faster growths of entanglement entropy ensures quicker manifestation of the nonanalyticities in the many-body dynamical free energy.
We investigate the quantum dynamics of a one-dimensional quasiperiodic system featuring a single-particle mobility edge (SPME), described by the generalized Aubry-André (GAA) model. This model offers a unique platform to study the consequences of coexisting localized and extended eigenstates, which contrasts sharply with the abrupt localization transition in the standard Aubry-André model. We analyze the system's response to a quantum quench through two complementary probes: entanglement entropy (EE) and subsystem information capacity (SIC). We find that the SPME induces a smooth crossover in all dynamical signatures. The EE saturation value exhibits a persistent volume-law scaling in the mobility-edge phase, with an entropy density that continuously decreases as the number of available extended states decreases. Complementing this, the SIC profile interpolates between the linear ramp characteristic of extended systems and the information trapping behavior of localized ones, directly visualizing the mixed nature of the underlying spectrum. Our results establish unambiguous dynamical fingerprints of a mobility edge, providing a crucial non-interacting benchmark for understanding information and entanglement dynamics in more complex systems with mixed phases.
We study the single-particle properties of two-dimensional quasicrystals where the underlying geometry of the tight-binding lattice is crystalline but the on-site potential is quasicrystalline. We will focus on the two-dimensional (2D) generalized Aubry-André model which has a varying form to its quasiperiodic potential, through a deformation parameter and varied irrational periods of cosine terms, which allows a continuous family of on-site quasicrystalline models to be studied. We show that the 2D generalized Aubry-André model exhibits many single-particle mobility edges which we confirm for finite systems and supports critical states across large parameter regions. Critical states are neither fully localized nor extended. We observe that diagonal quasicrystalline models can support many energy intervals of critical states in the spectrum while stabilizing both localized and extended states in other energy intervals; we refer to these as anomalous mobility edges. We show that critical states are present independent of system size through a scaling analysis of the inverse participation ratio and that they are present in spectra that also contain extended and localized states, confirming that at least one anomalous mobility edge is present. Due to this, these models exhibit anomalous diffusion of initially localized states across the majority of parameter regions, including deep in the normally localized regime. The presence of critical states in large parameter regimes and throughout the spectrum will have consequences for the many-body properties of quasicrystals, including the formation of the Bose glass and the potential to host a many-body localized phase. Published by the American Physical Society 2024