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IET conference proceedings.

Securing smart cities in the quantum era: challenges, solutions, and regulatory considerations

Ahmed AlMudaweb, Wael Mohamed Elmedany

Published Feb 27, 2024• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This study investigates the growing threat of quantum computing to classical encryption, with a specific focus on the vulnerabilities of RSA. Examining how Shor's algorithm compromises RSA security, the research proposes mitigation strategies. Through a comprehensive analysis of quantum algorithms and a review of recent literature, the study evaluates the efficacy of quantum attacks on RSA keys. Emphasizing the urgency of transitioning to quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions, the research identifies key challenges and provides recommendations for enhancing cybersecurity in the quantum era. The research methodology involves extensive literature reviews on quantum computing, RSA encryption, and related methodologies. Practical implications and the feasibility of quantumresistant alternatives are explored, shedding light on the potential impacts of quantum attacks on RSA encryption. The study emphasizes the need for swift adaptation to quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions, offering insights into key challenges associated with this transition and recommending strategies for enhanced cybersecurity in the era of quantum computing. The successful execution of this research hinges on access to computational resources for quantum simulations and cryptography analyses. Additionally, collaboration with experts in quantum computing and cryptography is crucial for validation and guidance throughout the research process. Access to relevant literature, datasets, cryptography software libraries, and surveys is essential for a comprehensive study that addresses the evolving quantum security landscape.

DOI
10.1049/icp.2024.0972

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The advent of quantum computing poses a significant challenge to classical cryptographic protocols, threatening to undermine the security of widely used security systems like RSA, ECC, and AES. This paper investigates the vulnerabilities of traditional public-key and symmetric cryptographic schemes to quantum decryption techniques, such as Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms, while analyzing the efficacy of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) as a mitigation strategy. Through a review of current literature and simulations of quantum attacks on legacy protocols, this research identifies critical gaps in preparedness and evaluates emergent quantumresistant solutions. The findings highlight the immediate risks of “store now, decrypt later” attacks, emphasizing the importance of transitioning to PQC algorithms. Despite promising advances, challenges related to performance, interoperability, and standardization remain. This study concludes with a call for collaborative efforts in research, policy development, and widespread adoption of quantum-safe practices to ensure the resilience of digital communications in the quantum era.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing presents a significant challenge to classical cryptographic systems that underpin modern digital security infrastructures. In particular, RSA-2048 encryption, widely deployed in banking and financial institutions for secure transactions, relies on the computational hardness of integer factorization. However, the emergence of quantum algorithms—especially Shor’s algorithm—poses a fundamental threat to RSA security by enabling polynomial-time factorization of large integers on sufficiently powerful quantum computers. This case study investigates the vulnerability of RSA-2048 within a banking environment, analyzing the mathematical foundations of the threat, potential timelines for quantum feasibility, and associated cybersecurity risks. The study further examines the implications for financial data protection, digital signatures, and secure communication channels. In response to these emerging risks, the paper explores post-quantum cryptographic alternatives, including lattice-based, hash-based, and code-based schemes, and evaluates their suitability for banking applications. The findings emphasize the urgency of transitioning toward quantum-resistant cryptographic frameworks and propose strategic recommendations for proactive cryptographic migration to ensure long-term data confidentiality and system resilience.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant threats to modern cybersecurity. As quantum processors progress toward practical large-scale deployment, widely used cryptographic systems, particularly RSA, ECC, and other public-key mechanisms, face the risk of becoming obsolete. This review examines how quantum technologies can be strategically leveraged to enhance cybersecurity while simultaneously addressing the vulnerabilities introduced by quantum-enabled attacks. A systematic analysis of 35-40 peer-reviewed studies was conducted to evaluate developments in post-quantum cryptography, quantum-resistant security protocols, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and hybrid classical–quantum defense architectures. The findings reveal a rapidly evolving research landscape focused on resilient lattice-based cryptography, scalable quantum-safe communication frameworks, and early-stage quantum machine learning applications for intrusion detection. The review highlights both the promise and current limitations of quantum-driven security solutions, including hardware constraints, integration challenges, and the need for global standardization. The study underscores the urgency for governments, industries, and researchers to adopt quantum-ready cybersecurity strategies and accelerate the transition to quantum-resilient infrastructures.