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Physical Review A

Topologically protected spatial-phase mismatching for cavity-enhanced quantum memories

Xia-Xia Li, Jia-Xin Wang, Yu‐Hui Chen, Xiangdong Zhang

Published Apr 10, 2024• 3 citations

Abstract

Microphotonic quantum memory presents a promising avenue for miniaturizing and scaling up memories for quantum network applications. While conventional microphotonic cavities can provide enhanced light-matter-interaction to improve the memory efficiency, they are constrained by inherent limitations when utilizing the quantum memory protocol of the revival of silenced echo (ROSE). These limitations primarily arise from the high sensitivity to cavity fabrication imperfections, which scatter stored optical modes into alternate modes and cause a subsequent reduction in efficiency. In this study, we propose that the incorporation of robust edge states and defect states in topological photonic crystals offers a solution to overcome this inherent limitation. The spatial-phase-mismatching effect that underlies ROSE is topologically protected, effectively mitigating the distortion of stored optical states caused by imperfection scattering and improves the memory efficiency.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.109.043511

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Microphotonic quantum memory presents a promising avenue for miniaturizing and scaling up memories for quantum network applications. While conventional microphotonic cavities can provide enhanced light-matter-interaction to improve the memory efficiency, they are constrained by inherent limitations when utilizing the quantum memory protocol of the revival of silenced echo (ROSE). These limitations primarily arise from the high sensitivity to cavity fabrication imperfections, which scatter stored optical modes into alternate modes and cause a subsequent reduction in efficiency. In this study, we propose that the incorporation of robust edge states and defect states in topological photonic crystals offers a solution to overcome this inherent limitation. The spatial-phase-mismatching effect that underlies ROSE is topologically protected, effectively mitigating the distortion of stored optical states caused by imperfection scattering and improves the memory efficiency.

Like internet, connecting quantum computers together to build a full quantum network will enhance the ability to process quantum information. On-chip quantum memories can possess the essential functionalities in building a quantum network, including synchronizing a large number of quantum computers and implementing long-distance quantum communication. However, owning mainly to the constraints imposed by the micro-photonic structures themselves, on-chip quantum memories cannot satisfy the requirement for constructing the full quantum network for the incompatibility of their memory property and integration property. We here propose to build an on-chip quantum memory by using spatial-phase-mismatching effect in photonic crystal cavities. In this scenario, not only is the large orbital angular momentum of photonic crystal cavities utilized to realize photon-echo type memory, but also the light-matter enhancement of a photonic cavity is used to achieve a high-efficiency quantum storage.

We experimentally realize a quantum-memory protocol based on retrieval of silenced echo (ROSE) in Tm 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystal in an orthogonal geometry of the signal and control light fields. The silenced echo signal revival efficiency of ~13% with 36 μs storage time is demonstrated. To achieve that we implemented a high-precision atomic coherence control via amplitude- and phase-modulated laser pulses. We also discuss capabilities of this configuration, ways to increase quantum efficiency and to combine it with a single-mode optical cavity.

The robust generation and propagation of multiphoton quantum states are crucial for applications in quantum information, computing, and communications. Although photons are intrinsically well isolated from the thermal environment, scaling to large quantum optical devices is still limited by scattering loss and other errors arising from random fabrication imperfections. The recent discoveries regarding topological phases have introduced avenues to construct quantum systems that are protected against scattering and imperfections. We experimentally demonstrate topological protection of biphoton states, the building block for quantum information systems. We provide clear evidence of the robustness of the spatial features and the propagation constant of biphoton states generated within a nanophotonics lattice with nontrivial topology and propose a concrete path to build robust entangled states for quantum gates.

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The protocol of optical quantum memory in the revival of silenced photon echo (ROSE) scheme is experimentally implemented in a Tm 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystal ( c = 0.1 at.%) placed in an impedance-matched optical Fabry–Perot resonator. The input signal recovery efficiency of ∼21 % is achieved for a light pulse with a storage time of 36 μs. The main sources of loss and their impact on the achieved quantum efficiency are discussed, as well as the advantages of the implemented scheme and the possibilities of the further improvement of the main parameters of quantum memory.