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Scientific Reports

Optical phase-truncation-based double-image encryption using equal modulus decomposition and random masks

Guangyu Luan, Chenggen Quan

Published Mar 26, 2024• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work reports an optical double-image crosstalk free encryption scheme that employs equal modulus decomposition and random masks. For the encryption, two plaintexts by a random amplitude mask and a random phase mask have been encrypted into a single ciphertext mask and two private key masks. Owing to the two random masks introduced, the functional relation between the plaintext pair and the ciphertext indirectly cause the paucity of constraints employed for the specific attack. Unlike the traditional phase-truncation-based techniques, this scheme is immune to the information leakage and different types of attacks. Furthermore, the three different diffraction distances and the illuminating wavelength also function as four additional keys to significantly reinforce the security. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposal.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-024-57790-9

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This work reports an optical double-image crosstalk free encryption scheme that employs equal modulus decomposition and random masks. For the encryption, two plaintexts by a random amplitude mask and a random phase mask have been encrypted into a single ciphertext mask and two private key masks. Owing to the two random masks introduced, the functional relation between the plaintext pair and the ciphertext indirectly cause the paucity of constraints employed for the specific attack. Unlike the traditional phase-truncation-based techniques, this scheme is immune to the information leakage and different types of attacks. Furthermore, the three different diffraction distances and the illuminating wavelength also function as four additional keys to significantly reinforce the security. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposal.
We propose a double image encryption approach based on a hybrid phase-truncation scheme. This approach is realized by spatial and Fresnel encoding, where two plaintexts are encrypted by a random amplitude mask into two private key masks and one ciphertext mask. The random amplitude mask is introduced to break the functional relation of the plaintexts to the ciphertext. Compared with other reported phase-truncation-based techniques, the proposed hybrid scheme is not only free from information leakage but also resistant to several different types of attacks. In addition, the parameters of the Fresnel transform and discrete multiple parameter fractional Fourier transform serve as additional keys to strengthen security significantly. Numerical simulations and a performance analysis are conducted to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the proposed approach.
We propose an asymmetric optical image encryption scheme with silhouette removal by using interference and equal modulus decomposition (EMD). Plaintext is first separated into two complex value masks with the same modulus using EMD in the Fresnel transform domain. The two masks are encoded into four phase-only masks (POMs), two of which are treated as ciphertexts and other two as plaintext-dependent private keys by using the inverse Fresnel transform with different diffraction distances and interference-based encryption. Any information about the plaintext, including its silhouette, cannot be retrieved using one, two, or even three of the four POMs. Our scheme also avoids the constraint of the same modulus in EMD and eliminates the vulnerability against the iterative amplitude-phase attack and advanced iterative amplitude-phase attack. Numerical simulations were used to verify the validity and security of our proposed method.
We propose a novel optical information encryption and authentication scheme that uses asymmetric keys generated by the phase-truncation approach and the phase-retrieval algorithm. Multiple images bonded with random phase masks are Fourier transformed, and obtained spectra are amplitude- and phase-truncated. The phase-truncated spectra are encoded into a single random intensity image using the phase-retrieval algorithm. Unlike most of the authentication schemes, in this study, only one encrypted reference image is required for verification of multiple secured images. The conventional double random phase encoding and correlation techniques are employed for authentication verification. Computer simulation results and theoretical explanation prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A double-image encryption technique that based on an asymmetric algorithm is proposed. In this method, the encryption process is different from the decryption and the encrypting keys are also different from the decrypting keys. In the nonlinear encryption process, the images are encoded into an amplitude cyphertext, and two phase-only masks (POMs) generated based on phase truncation are kept as keys for decryption. By using the classical double random phase encoding (DRPE) system, the primary images can be collected by an intensity detector that located at the output plane. Three random POMs that applied in the asymmetric encryption can be safely applied as public keys. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity and security of the proposed protocol.
This paper analysis the security of the optical encryption scheme based on the classical double random phase encoding. We describe a known-plaintext attack which can be used to successfully access the encryption key with the pre-knowledge of only one arbiturary pair of known plaintext-ciphertext. A phase retrieval algorithm is employed in this attack. Computer simulations are made to demonstrate the effectiveness. The results show that even implementing only one round of iteration in the phase retrieval, an attacker can obtain a clear decoded plaintext (a gray-scale image) from an intercept ciphertext.
This paper offers a security analysis of an optical image cryptosystem that integrates interference and unequal modulus decomposition (EMD). In contrast to the conventional interference-based cryptosystem, which utilizes a single phase-only mask (POM) derived from the encryption process as the private key, the enhanced cryptosystem employs two random phase masks (RPMs) and two POMs derived from the phase-reserved (PR) structure as private keys. This modification addresses the silhouette problem inherent in the conventional interference-based cryptosystem by expanding the key space, thereby enhancing security strength. However, it is determined that the RPM R 2 ( u , v ) and the POM P 2 ( x , y ) exhibited low key sensitivity, thereby limiting their impact on the security enhancement. Additionally, due to the independence from the plaintext, the RPMs employed as private keys can be recovered using a designed known-plaintext attack (KPA). Once the RPMs are recovered, the number of unknown keys is reduced to two. This enables the recovery of plaintext information from its ciphertexts via a subsequent ciphertext-only attack (COA) without any prior knowledge of the POMs. In light of these findings, a novel hybrid attack strategy, to our knowledge, is proposed, integrating four cascaded KPAs and a COA, to effectively compromise the advanced interference and EMD-based cryptosystem. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid attack, numerical simulations have been conducted.