Since the dawn of the web and its widespread usage, privacy of data has been a significant problem. Multiple systems have been suggested; however, data breaches still happen often. The advent of quantum science suggests a pressing need to develop a paradigm that would provide acceptable security of information for both conventional and quantum computer technology, since encrypting is now the most popular way of cloud data protection. Thus, although some encrypted systems will withstand the test of the quantum computer, the majority will become vulnerable and out-of-date. The article suggests a model that entails using an instance of the McElwee digital currency to secure restricted data, which is expected to displace Rivest Shamir Ad in the age of quantum science, and a version of the extent shortened dependent ring units' digital currency to safeguard cloud customer information. The suggested McElwee technique's modelling revealed that it had a lower temporal complexity than the current McElwee cryptosystem. The reliability of the suggested algorithms is further enhanced by the new tuning of the values for Sand P. Furthermore, the simulation of the suggested NTRU technique showed that, when compared to the current NTRU cryptosystem, the new NTRU system had a better time hardness.
Since the dawn of the web and its widespread usage, privacy of data has been a significant problem. Multiple systems have been suggested; however, data breaches still happen often. The advent of quantum science suggests a pressing need to develop a paradigm that would provide acceptable security of information for both conventional and quantum computer technology, since encrypting is now the most popular way of cloud data protection. Thus, although some encrypted systems will withstand the test of the quantum computer, the majority will become vulnerable and out-of-date. The article suggests a model that entails using an instance of the McElwee digital currency to secure restricted data, which is expected to displace Rivest Shamir Ad in the age of quantum science, and a version of the extent shortened dependent ring units' digital currency to safeguard cloud customer information. The suggested McElwee technique's modelling revealed that it had a lower temporal complexity than the current McElwee cryptosystem. The reliability of the suggested algorithms is further enhanced by the new tuning of the values for Sand P. Furthermore, the simulation of the suggested NTRU technique showed that, when compared to the current NTRU cryptosystem, the new NTRU system had a better time hardness.
Abstract Data security in the cloud has been a major issue since the inception and adoption of cloud computing. Various frameworks have been proposed, and yet data breach prevails. With encryption being the dominant method of cloud data security, the advent of quantum computing implies an urgent need to proffer a model that will provide adequate data security for both classical and quantum computing. Thus, most cryptosystems will be rendered susceptible and obsolete, though some cryptosystems will stand the test of quantum computing. The article proposes a model that comprises the application of a variant of McEliece cryptosystem, which has been tipped to replace Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) in the quantum computing era to secure access control data and the application of a variant of N-th degree truncated polynomial ring units (NTRU) cryptosystem to secure cloud user data. The simulation of the proposed McEliece algorithm showed that the algorithm has a better time complexity than the existing McEliece cryptosystem. Furthermore, the novel tweaking of parameters S and P further improves the security of the proposed algorithms. More so, the simulation of the proposed NTRU algorithm revealed that the existing NTRU cryptosystem had a superior time complexity when juxtaposed with the proposed NTRU cryptosystem.
Data security in the cloud has a been major issue upon the inception of cloud computing, frameworks have been proposed and implemented yet data breach prevails. With encryption being the dominant method of cloud data security, the advent of quantum computing implies that there is an urgent need to come up with an improved system that will provide adequate data security for both cloud and quantum computing. However, some cryptosystems will be rendered susceptible and obsolete although, some cryptosystems will stand the test of quantum computing. This paper proposes an optimised system for cloud data security using McEliece and NTRU cryptosystems for data security in cloud and quantum computing. While a of McEliece cryptosystem will be used for securing user credentials, a variant of NTRU will also be used for securing user data.
The emergence of quantum computing is a serious threat to the principles of modern crypto-logical mathematics. The classical public-key cryptography, including Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), and Diffie-Hellman are very safe against classical adversaries yet become susceptible to quantum algorithms, including the Shor algorithm, which can easily solve the underlying mathematical problems. This weakness is jeopardizing confidentiality and integrity of the world-wide systems of communication, money transactions, and essential structures, and requires the immediate creation of safe alternatives. The current literature on post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has covered various classes of algorithm, such as lattice-based, code-based, multivariate schemes, and isogeny-based schemes. Although lattice-based approaches like Nth Degree Truncated Polynomial Ring Unit (NTRU) and FrodoKEM can be highly theoretically resistant, they can be computationally and memory-intensive. Cryptosystems based on code such as Classic McEliece are secure but not practicable because they have huge public key sizes. Multivariate schemes like Rainbow, and isogeny-based schemes like Super singular Isogeny Key Encapsulation (SIKE) have been attacked recently by cryptanalytic attacks, and broken completely. Such restrictions open the necessity to find more efficient and secure quantum-resistant solutions.This research study postulates a hybrid post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) system that combines CRYSTALS-Kyber for encryption with CRYSTALS-Dilithium for digital signatures both of which are approved through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PQC standardization program. The model will be such that it ensures quantum resistance but at the same time it will be scalable, efficient and compatible with the existing infrastructures. The test outcomes indicate that the hybrid PQC model is 35-45 percent faster to encrypt and decrypt, signature performance is enhanced by up to 40 percent, and the throughput is 20 times higher (98.7 Mbps) than the same base PQC scheme including Nth Degree Truncated Polynomial Ring Unit (NTRU), McEliece and Rainbow. These enhancements affirm that the suggested model provides a viable trade-off between the security, speed, and efficiency in terms of key size, which makes it a viable and a sound base to ensure secure communication in the quantum age.
Quantum computers and research on quantum computers are increasing due to the efficiency and speed required for critical applications. This scenario also kindles the vitality of data protection needed against threats from quantum computers. Research in post-quantum threats is very minimal so far, but it is much needed to protect the enormous data stored in the cloud for healthcare, governmental, or any crucial data. This research work presents an advanced hybrid double encryption approach for cloud data security based on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to ensure the restriction of unauthorized access. The suggested approach combines the benefits of the NTRU encryption and AES encryption algorithms and works in hybrid mode, offering strong security while resolving issues with real-time performance and cost-efficiency. A streamlined key management system is set together to improve real-time processing, significantly reducing encryption and decryption delay times. Moreover, NTRU Encrypt dynamic parameter selection, which adapts security parameters based on data sensitivity, maintains accurate information and security. In addition to addressing real-time performance and data security, an innovative development in this method is known as Quantum-Adaptive Stream Flow Encryption (QASFE), which enables secure data sharing and collaborative working within a quantum-resistant framework. This innovative feature enhances data accessibility while maintaining the highest level of security. In the era of post-quantum cryptography, our multifactor authentication technique, integrating double encryption and QASFE, is a proactive and flexible solution for securing cloud data, and protecting data security and privacy against emerging threats.
The safety and security of various cryptosystems are related to the hardness of the integer factorization problem and discrete logarithm problem, most cryptosystems will be rendered vulnerable to attack and outdated as quantum computers become more advanced.This study examines lattice-based cryptography (the NTRU cryptosystem), compares the suggested variation to other cryptosystems by simulation and presents the execution time for key generation, encryption, and decryption procedures, as well as to highlight the benefits and drawbacks of the proposed cryptosystem.A variant of the NTRU cryptosystem is developed with the purpose of improving the cryptosystem's security by allowing it to withstand attacks in both classical and quantum computing.The simulation revealed that the existing NTRU cryptosystem has a better time complexity compared to the proposed NTRU cryptosystem.The existing NTRU cryptosystem has a time complexity of O(n 2 ) while the proposed variant has O(n 3 ).Though had a better capacity of handling large data because of the introduction of lattice multiplication.
As we know, cloud computing plays a vital role in our lives. It also plays a pivotal role in modern business and information technology landscapes. But with this, there is a rise in concerns regarding the security and privacy of all data which is stored in the cloud. To tackle these concerns some effective and traditional cryptographic methods are present but they face potential vulnerabilities due to advent of quantum computing. It also threatens the basis of widely used encryption algorithms and models. This research focuses on the usage of quantum mechanics inspired cryptographic protocols, which will help to strengthen the security of cloud computing models and infrastructures. The research begins with a detailed overview of the current situation and state of security of cloud computing. There is identification of all challenges and vulnerabilities faced due to current, classical and traditional cryptographic techniques and algorithms. As we know that there is a very close arrival of quantum computing, we are surrounded by mighty and latent threats because of quantum computing algorithms that can easily overcome the widely accepted and used encryption standards and models. So, there is a dire need to develop and implement some alternative cryptographic strategies and measures. To overcome these challenges, this research proposes the creation and usage of quantum-inspired cryptographic protocols which are designed to resist attacks from both traditional and quantum vulnerabilities. These protocols are inspired from quantum mechanics, like superposition and entanglement. These protocols will help to design and create cryptographic systems and models that offer enhanced security. The research focuses on the theoretical foundations of these quantum mechanics inspired protocols and assesses their practical feasibility within cloud computing infrastructures and environment.This research contains information regarding the challenges associated with integration and deployment of quantum inspired cryptographic solutions in cloud computing. It evaluates the scalability, efficiency, performance and computational overhead of these quantum inspired protocols to ensure their practical feasibility and capability in existing cloud computing environment and infrastructures. This research also includes comparison performed with quantum cryptographic protocols and traditional cryptographic methods. The results aim to provide evidence that quantum cryptographic techniques are better, feasible and secure options to protect data over cloud. In Conclusion, the research aims to provide an insight that development and usage of advanced security measures can withstand and handle evolving threats, ensuring the continued security and protection of data in cloud computing environment by providing theoretical insights, analysis and evolution.