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Chinese Physics C

Surface growth approach for bulk reconstruction in the AdS/BCFT correspondence*

Xi-Hao Fang, Fang-Zhong Chen, Jia-Rui Sun

Published Mar 12, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this study, we extend the surface growth approach for bulk reconstruction into the AdS spacetime with a boundary in the AdS/BCFT correspondence. We show that the geometry in the entanglement wedge with a boundary can be constructed from the direct growth of bulk extremal surfaces layer by layer. Furthermore, we observe that the surface growth configuration in BCFT can be connected with the defect multi scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) tensor network. Additionally, we investigate the entanglement of purification within the surface growth process, which not only reveals more refined structure of entanglement entropy in the entanglement wedge but also suggests a selection rule for surface growth in the bulk reconstruction.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1137/ad32be

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Abstract In this study, we extend the surface growth approach for bulk reconstruction into the AdS spacetime with a boundary in the AdS/BCFT correspondence. We show that the geometry in the entanglement wedge with a boundary can be constructed from the direct growth of bulk extremal surfaces layer by layer. Furthermore, we observe that the surface growth configuration in BCFT can be connected with the defect multi scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) tensor network. Additionally, we investigate the entanglement of purification within the surface growth process, which not only reveals more refined structure of entanglement entropy in the entanglement wedge but also suggests a selection rule for surface growth in the bulk reconstruction.
In this paper, we extend the surface growth scheme in AdS spacetime with a boundary in the AdS/BCFT correspondence. We show that the entanglement wedge with a boundary can be constructed from the direct growth of bulk extremal surfaces layer by layer. In addition, we find that the surface growth configuration in BCFT can be connected with the defect multi scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) tensor network. Furthermore, we also investigate the entanglement of purification within the surface growth process, which reveals more refined structure of entanglement entropy and indicates a selection rule for surface growth in the bulk reconstruction.
Abstract We propose a surface growth approach to reconstruct the bulk spacetime geometry, motivated by Huygens’ principle of wave propagation. We show that our formalism can be explicitly realized with the help of the surface/state correspondence and the one-shot entanglement distillation (OSED) method. We first construct a tensor network corresponding to a special surface growth picture with spherical symmetry and fractal feature using the OSED method and show that the resulting tensor network can be identified with the MERA-like tensor network, which gives a proof that the MERA-like tensor network is indeed a discretized version of the time slice of AdS spacetime, rather than just an analogy. Furthermore, we generalize the original OSED method to describe more general surface growth picture by using of the surface/state correspondence and the generalized RT formula, which leads to a more profound interpretation for the surface growth process and provides a concrete and intuitive way for the idea of entanglement wedge reconstruction.
Abstract In this paper, we show using several examples that the bulk geometry of asymptotically AdS spacetimes can be effectively reconstructed using an intuitive and visual method called the surface growth scheme. This new approach for bulk reconstruction was originally proposed in a recent paper, along with its explicit realization using the one-shot entanglement distillation tensor network and the surface/state correspondence. In this paper, we directly analyze the growth of the bulk minimal surfaces to implement this scheme. Our study provides further support for the surface growth approach in entanglement wedge reconstruction.
Multipartite entanglement measures probe how quantum correlations are organized beyond what can be inferred from pairwise entropies. We study how this structure is reshaped by a physical boundary in a holographic BCFT. The end-of-the-world brane opens new relative-homology channels for multipartite entanglement, allowing connected bulk webs to reorganize and factorize at scales that need not coincide with any ordinary Ryu--Takayanagi transition. In static AdS3_33​/BCFT2_22​, this produces a characteristic hierarchy of multipartite phases and a nontrivial dependence of genuine multi-entropy on the boundary. In the thermofield-double state, genuinely connected webs can instead be supported through the Einstein--Rosen bridge, leading to growth, reconnection and saturation scales distinct from the usual Hartman--Maldacena transitions. These results show that multipartite entanglement is sensitive not only to extremal-surface areas but also to how bulk entanglement structures are allowed to join, split and terminate in the presence of a boundary.
A bstract In the AdS/CFT correspondence, the causal structure of the bulk AdS spacetime is tied to entanglement in the dual CFT. This relationship is captured by the connected wedge theorem [1], which states that a bulk scattering process implies the existence of O (1/ G N ) entanglement between associated boundary subregions. In this paper, we study the connected wedge theorem in two asymptotically AdS 2+1 spacetimes: the conical defect and BTZ black hole geometries. In these settings, we find that bulk scattering processes require not just large entanglement, but also additional restrictions related to candidate RT surfaces which are non-minimal. We argue these extra relationships imply a certain CFT entanglement structure involving internal degrees of freedom. Because bulk scattering relies on sub-AdS scale physics, this supports the idea that sub-AdS scale locality emerges from internal degrees of freedom. While the new restriction that we identify on non-minimal surfaces is stronger than the initial statement of the connected wedge theorem, we find that it is necessary but still not sufficient to imply bulk scattering in mixed states.
The multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) is a tensor network that provides an efficient way of variationally estimating the ground state of a critical quantum system. The network geometry resembles a discretization of spatial slices of an anti--de Sitter (AdS) spacetime and ``geodesics'' in the MERA reproduce the Ryu-Takayanagi formula for the entanglement entropy of a boundary region in terms of bulk properties. It has therefore been suggested that there could be an AdS/MERA correspondence, relating states in the Hilbert space of the boundary quantum system to ones defined on the bulk lattice. Here we investigate this proposal and derive necessary conditions for it to apply, using geometric features and entropy inequalities that we expect to hold in the bulk. We show that, perhaps unsurprisingly, the MERA lattice can only describe physics on length scales larger than the AdS radius. Further, using the covariant entropy bound in the bulk, we show that there are no conventional MERA parameters that completely reproduce bulk physics even on super-AdS scales. We suggest modifications or generalizations of this kind of tensor network that may be able to provide a more robust correspondence.