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physica status solidi (b)

Rapid State Transfer via All‐Microwave Scheme in Transmon Qutrit

Jiasong Chen, Zhuang Ma, Jianwen Xu, YuNan Li, Tao Zhang, Dong Lan, Xinsheng Tan, Yang Yu

Published Mar 8, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

As a crucial component of superconducting quantum computing, the three‐energy‐level quantum system, known as qutrit, along with qutrit gates, has garnered significant attention over the past decades, which highlights the significance of accomplishing state transfers between levels in multiqutrit systems as a critical task. Herein, the coupling is constructed via the all‐microwave approach. Both the coupling strength and Alternating Current stark shift are calibrated, based on which a fast (70 ns) state transfer from to is investigated and achieved through the stimulated Raman shortcut‐to‐adiabatic passage.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.202300572

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As a crucial component of superconducting quantum computing, the three‐energy‐level quantum system, known as qutrit, along with qutrit gates, has garnered significant attention over the past decades, which highlights the significance of accomplishing state transfers between levels in multiqutrit systems as a critical task. Herein, the coupling is constructed via the all‐microwave approach. Both the coupling strength and Alternating Current stark shift are calibrated, based on which a fast (70 ns) state transfer from to is investigated and achieved through the stimulated Raman shortcut‐to‐adiabatic passage.
The quantum gate is the foundation of quantum computation and simulation in superconducting circuits. In recent years, quantum systems with three energy levels have attracted much attention. Therefore, it is essential to study the protocol of the quantum‐state transfer in qutrits. Herein, the all‐microwave schemes are studied to realize the state transfer and quantum gates. First, the ∣fg>–∣ge> transition is designed in a superconducting circuit with a relatively large coupling. We measured the Stark shift in cases where the experimental parameters did not satisfy the dispersive condition. Then, by carefully calibrating the pulse parameters, the regular Rabi oscillation and the state transfer are realized between the second excited state of two qubits via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage.
Invariant‐based shortcuts to adiabaticity (IB‐STA) approach is demonstrated to speed up the coherent population transfer of a three‐level quantum system on a superconducting circuit. Compared with the conventional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), the scheme can achieve the same high transfer efficiency with evolution time reduced by 5.96 times. The final transfer efficiency of the scheme is measured to be , which is mainly decoherence limited. Further, the robustness of the scheme is experimentally characterized, which is superior to the time‐optimal resonant Rabi scheme under systematic pulse amplitude error. Therefore, the approach provides an alternative approach to realize high‐fidelity state manipulation and preparation for weakly coupled Λ‐ or Ξ‐type quantum systems.
Abstract We propose an efficient protocol for rapidly generating quantum entangled states between a transmon qubit and microwave photons via shortcuts to adiabaticity. For a dispersive coupling between the qubit and cavity mode, three composite qubit-photon states constitute our system. Two microwave drivings are applied to the three-level system, leading to a Λ-type interaction. Based on shortcut-like quantum state transfer, the maximally entangled states can be controllably generated in a non-adiabatic manner. We address the dependence of the needed time for generating entangled states on the Rabi couplings, and further analyse the robustness of quantum operations. The present scheme opens up an opportunity for fast creating entangled states of the superconducting qubit-cavity systems.
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage offers significant advantages for coherent population transfer between uncoupled or weakly coupled states and has the potential of realizing efficient quantum gate, qubit entanglement and quantum information transfer. Here we report on the realization of the process in the superconducting Xmon and phase qutrits--two ladder-type three-level systems in which the ground state population is coherently transferred to the second excited state via the dark state subspace. We demonstrate that the population transfer efficiency is no less than 96% and 67% for the two devices, which agree well with the numerical simulation of the master equation. Population transfer via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage is significantly more robust against variations of the experimental parameters compared with that via the conventional resonant π pulse method. Our work opens up a new venue for exploring the process for quantum information processing using the superconducting artificial atoms.
The adiabatic manipulation of quantum states is a powerful technique that opened up new directions in quantum engineering--enabling tests of fundamental concepts such as geometrical phases and topological transitions, and holding the promise of alternative models of quantum computation. Here we benchmark the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for circuit quantum electrodynamics by employing the first three levels of a transmon qubit. In this ladder configuration, we demonstrate a population transfer efficiency >80% between the ground state and the second excited state using two adiabatic Gaussian-shaped control microwave pulses. By doing quantum tomography at successive moments during the Raman pulses, we investigate the transfer of the population in time domain. Furthermore, we show that this protocol can be reversed by applying a third adiabatic pulse, we study a hybrid nondiabatic-adiabatic sequence, and we present experimental results for a quasi-degenerate intermediate level.
Adiabatic manipulation of the quantum state is an essential tool in modern quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate the speedup of the adiabatic population transfer in a three-level superconducting transmon circuit by suppressing the spurious nonadiabatic excitations with an additional two-photon microwave pulse. We apply this superadiabatic method to the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, realizing fast and robust population transfer from the ground state to the second excited state of the quantum circuit.