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IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking

On Secrecy Performance of Mixed THz-FSO Relaying System

Rupender Singh, Ijaz Ahmad, Jyrki Huusko

Published Nov 6, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The use of the Terahertz (THz) frequency band and free-space optical (FSO) communication represents a promising solution to address the spectrum scarcity challenges encountered in emerging applications related to 6G. In this direction, a mixed THz-FSO relaying system is proposed in this paper. The study takes into account the presence of fading effects and pointing errors affecting both THz and FSO links. The THz link is modeled using $\alpha - \mu$ distribution, while the FSO link is characterized using Malaga (M) distribution. The physical layer security (PLS) analysis is conducted, and secure outage probability is derived into closed-form for two scenarios: 1) THz eavesdropping attack and 2) FSO eavesdropping attack. The study further investigates the effect of THz and FSO links parameters on the secrecy performance in detail. The results demonstrate that security attacks on FSO links are more severe than those on THz links. Interestingly, improved THz channel conditions negatively affect the security of the proposed mixed THz-FSO system, whereas better FSO channel conditions provide enhanced secrecy.

DOI
10.1109/cscn60443.2023.10453126

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The use of the Terahertz (THz) frequency band and free-space optical (FSO) communication represents a promising solution to address the spectrum scarcity challenges encountered in emerging applications related to 6G. In this direction, a mixed THz-FSO relaying system is proposed in this paper. The study takes into account the presence of fading effects and pointing errors affecting both THz and FSO links. The THz link is modeled using α−μ\alpha - \muα−μ distribution, while the FSO link is characterized using Malaga (M) distribution. The physical layer security (PLS) analysis is conducted, and secure outage probability is derived into closed-form for two scenarios: 1) THz eavesdropping attack and 2) FSO eavesdropping attack. The study further investigates the effect of THz and FSO links parameters on the secrecy performance in detail. The results demonstrate that security attacks on FSO links are more severe than those on THz links. Interestingly, improved THz channel conditions negatively affect the security of the proposed mixed THz-FSO system, whereas better FSO channel conditions provide enhanced secrecy.
Terahertz (THz) frequency band and free-space optical (FSO) communication can be proven potential solutions to the spectrum scarcity challenges in the emerging applications in the 6G. In this direction, a mixed THz-FSO relaying system is proposed in this paper. It is assumed that both THz and FSO links encounter fading effects and pointing errors, where the THz link is modeled using α-μ distribution while Málaga ( M ) distribution is used to characterize the FSO link. Particularly, we conduct the physical layer security (PLS) analysis and derive the secure outage probability into closed-form for two scenarios: 1) THz eavesdropping attack and 2) FSO eavesdropping attack. The effect of THz and FSO links parameters on the secrecy performance are then further investigated in detail. The results show that the security attacks on FSO links are more severe than those on THz links. Interestingly, the improved THz channel conditions adversely affect the security of the proposed mixed THz-FSO system, whereas better FSO channel conditions provide enhanced secrecy.
Terahertz (THz) frequency band and free-space optical (FSO) communication can be proven potential solutions to the spectrum scarcity challenges in the emerging applications in the 6G. In this direction, a mixed THz-FSO relaying system is proposed in this paper. It is assumed that both THz and FSO links encounter fading effects and pointing errors, where the THz link is modeled using α-μ distribution while Málaga (M) distribution is used to characterize the FSO link. Particularly, we conduct the physical layer security (PLS) analysis and derive the secure outage probability into closed-form for two scenarios: 1) THz eavesdropping attack and 2) FSO eavesdropping attack. The effect of THz and FSO links parameters on the secrecy performance are then further investigated in detail. The results show that the security attacks on FSO links are more severe than those on THz links. Interestingly, the improved THz channel conditions adversely affect the security of the proposed mixed THz-FSO system, whereas better FSO channel conditions provide enhanced secrecy.
In this paper, the secrecy performance of the physical layer security (PLS) of the hybrid free-space optical/radio frequency (FSO/RF) communication system is analyzed. The transmission protocol of the considered system is performed under the eavesdropper's attempt to overhear the RF link between the transmitter and legitimate receiver of the hybrid system. The FSO link is characterized by Málaga-M distribution while the RF links are modeled by Nakagami-m distribution. The two practical eavesdropping modes considered in this paper include: colluding and non-colluding. Exact closed-form expressions for the system's secrecy outage probability (SOP), the asymptotic of the SOP (SOP∞), the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC), the average secrecy capacity (ASC), and the asymptotic of the ASC (ASC∞), are specifically derived under the influence of both eavesdropper modes. Our derived analytical expressions present an efficient tool to investigate the impact of some channel parameters on the secrecy performance, namely the fading severity of the RF links, atmospheric turbulence severity, pointing error of the FSO link, number of eavesdroppers, and the power of the eavesdropper links. The results show that the increase of the eavesdroppers' number under both modes profoundly degrades the considered system secrecy performance. The accuracy of the numerical results obtained is validated by Monte-Carlo simulations.
The emergence of an array of new wireless networks has led researchers to evaluate the prospect of utilizing the physical properties of the wireless medium in order to design secure systems. In this paper, the physical layer secrecy performance of a mixed radio frequency-free space optical (RF-FSO) system with variable gain relaying scheme is investigated in the presence of an eavesdropper. We assume that the eavesdropper can wiretap the transmitted confidential data from the RF link only. It is further assumed that the main and eavesdropper RF links are modeled as generalized Gamma (GG) fading channel, and the free space optical (FSO) link experiences Málaga turbulence with pointing error impairment. Our primary concern is to protect this confidential information from being wiretapped. Besides pointing error, the atmospheric turbulence and two types of detection techniques (i.e. heterodyne detection and intensity modulation with direct detection) are also taken into consideration. Utilizing amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme, the novel mathematical closed-form expressions for average secrecy capacity, lower bound of secrecy outage probability, and strictly positive secrecy capacity are derived. As both the links (RF and FSO) undergo generalized fading channels, the derived expressions are also general. We present a unification of some existing works utilizing the proposed model to better clarify the novelty of this work. Finally, all the derived expressions are justified via Monte-Carlo simulations.
In this paper, we analyze the confidentiality of a hybrid radio frequency (RF)/free-space optical (FSO) system with regard to physical layer security (PLS). In this system, signals are transmitted between the source and destination using RF and FSO links, with the destination employing the maximal-ratio combining (MRC) scheme. A non-cooperative target (NCT) is assumed to have eavesdropping capabilities for RF and FSO signals in both collusion and non-collusion strategies. The Nakagami-m distribution models fading RF links, while FSO links are characterized by the Málaga (M) distribution. Exact closed-form expressions for the system’s secrecy outage probability (SOP) and effective secrecy throughput (EST) are derived based on the generalized Meijer G-function with two variables. Asymptotic expressions for the SOP are also obtained under high-signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regimes. These conclusions are validated through Monte Carlo simulations. The superiority of the hybrid RF/FSO system in improving the communication security of a single link is confirmed in its comparison with conventional means of RF communication.
The integration of mixed Radio Frequency (RF) and Free-Space Optical (FSO) wireless models in 6G wireless systems is pivotal for harnessing the complementary strengths of both technologies, enabling unprecedented levels of reliability, capacity, and security in next-generation networks. To address this combined use, this paper delves into the secrecy performance of a hybrid RF-FSO mixed model. Moreover, the transmitter and receiver establish communication through two distinct paths: the first link utilizes RF technology, characterized by aκ−μ\kappa-\muκ−μshadowed fading distribution, while the second link employs FSO technology, encountering Gamma-Gamma (GG) turbulence with pointing error impairment. At the receiver, a selection combining technique is employed to choose between the incoming signals. In order to analytically assess the improvement, we deduce the analytical expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) in closed form. Our findings substantiate that the hybrid RF- FSO model surpasses a single FSO/RF link in terms of secrecy outage probability. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of the derived expressions.