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Digital Communications and Networks

Physical-layer security in MU-MISO downlink networks against potential eavesdroppers

Woong Son, Minkyu Oh, Heejung Yu, Bang Chul Jung

Published Feb 29, 2024• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, wireless security has been highlighted as one of the most important techniques for 6G mobile communication systems. Many researchers have tried to improve the Physical-Layer Security (PLS) performance such as Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) and Secrecy Energy-Efficiency (SEE). The SOP indicates the outage probability that the data transmission between legitimate devices does not guarantee a certain reliability level, and the SEE is defined as the ratio between the achievable secrecy-rate and the consumed transmit power. In this paper, we consider a Multi-User Multi-Input Single-Output (MU-MISO) downlink cellular network where a legitimate Base Station (BS) equipped with multiple transmit antennas sends secure information to multiple legitimate Mobile Stations (MSs), and multiple potential eavesdroppers (EVEs) equipped with a single receive antenna try to eavesdrop on this information. Each potential EVE tries to intercept the secure information, i.e., the private message, from the legitimate BS to legitimate MSs with a certain eavesdropping probability. To securely receive the private information, each legitimate MS feeds back its effective channel gain to the legitimate BS only when the effective channel gain is higher than a certain threshold, i.e., the legitimate MSs adopt an Opportunistic Feedback (OF) strategy. In such eavesdropping channels, both SOP and SEE are analyzed as performance measures of PLS and their closed-form expressions are derived mathematically. Based on the analytical results, it is shown that the SOP of the OF strategy approaches that of a Full Feedback (FF) strategy as the number of legitimate MSs or the number of antennas at the BS increases. Furthermore, the trade-off between SOP and SEE as a function of the channel feedback threshold in the OF strategy is investigated. The analytical results and related observations are verified by numerical simulations.

DOI
10.1016/j.dcan.2024.02.004

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Recently, wireless security has been highlighted as one of the most important techniques for 6G mobile communication systems. Many researchers have tried to improve the Physical-Layer Security (PLS) performance such as Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) and Secrecy Energy-Efficiency (SEE). The SOP indicates the outage probability that the data transmission between legitimate devices does not guarantee a certain reliability level, and the SEE is defined as the ratio between the achievable secrecy-rate and the consumed transmit power. In this paper, we consider a Multi-User Multi-Input Single-Output (MU-MISO) downlink cellular network where a legitimate Base Station (BS) equipped with multiple transmit antennas sends secure information to multiple legitimate Mobile Stations (MSs), and multiple potential eavesdroppers (EVEs) equipped with a single receive antenna try to eavesdrop on this information. Each potential EVE tries to intercept the secure information, i.e., the private message, from the legitimate BS to legitimate MSs with a certain eavesdropping probability. To securely receive the private information, each legitimate MS feeds back its effective channel gain to the legitimate BS only when the effective channel gain is higher than a certain threshold, i.e., the legitimate MSs adopt an Opportunistic Feedback (OF) strategy. In such eavesdropping channels, both SOP and SEE are analyzed as performance measures of PLS and their closed-form expressions are derived mathematically. Based on the analytical results, it is shown that the SOP of the OF strategy approaches that of a Full Feedback (FF) strategy as the number of legitimate MSs or the number of antennas at the BS increases. Furthermore, the trade-off between SOP and SEE as a function of the channel feedback threshold in the OF strategy is investigated. The analytical results and related observations are verified by numerical simulations.
We investigate the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of a downlink wiretap network consisting of a single legitimate base station (BS), multiple legitimate mobile stations (MSs), and multiple potential eavesdroppers (EVEs), where each EVE randomly attempts to overhear the data transmission with a certain probability. In particular, we consider an opportunistic feedback (OF) strategy in which each legitimate MS feeds their channel gain back to the BS for data reception only when its gain is greater than a certain threshold. We analyze a closed-form expression of the SOP under this strategy. As our main result, we demonstrate that the SOP of the OF strategy approaches that of the full feedback strategy as the number of legitimate MSs becomes large. It is worth noting that, for the first time, we mathematically characterize the SOP in this practical wiretap network setting having multiple potential EVEs.
Secrecy performance in the near-field (NF) presents a compelling topic for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security (PLS) of NF downlink networks serving a single legitimate user in the presence of an eavesdropper. To characterize the performance of the network, through the central limit theorem (CLT), the expected value of the eavesdropping channel statistics is derived for the downlink link in the case of Rayleigh fading. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed network is evaluated in terms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP). The closed-form expressions of the SOP and the floor of SOP under high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions are derived. We also contrast the impact of the number of antennas as well as the target secrecy rate on the overall secrecy performance of the considered network, and analyze the impact of the eavesdropper on the SOP of the considered network. We finally show that: The SOP of the system decreases with the increase of the transmit power, and finally converges to a fixed value. Our Monte Carlo simulations perfectly illustrate the analytical results.
In this paper, we propose a pseudo-random beamforming (PRBF) technique for improving physical-layer security (PLS) in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) downlink cellular networks consisting of a legitimate base station (BS), multiple legitimate mobile stations (MSs) and potential eavesdroppers. The legitimate BS can obtain available potential eavesdroppers’ channel state information (CSI), which is registered in an adjacent cell. In the proposed PRBF technique, the legitimate BS pseudo-randomly generates multiple candidates of the transmit beamforming (BF) matrix, in which each transmit BF matrix consists of multiple orthonormal BF vectors and shares BF information with legitimate MSs before data transmission. Each legitimate MS generates receive BF vectors to maximize the receive signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) for all pseudo-randomly generated transmit beams and calculates the corresponding SINR. Then, each legitimate MS sends a single beam index and the corresponding SINR value of the BF vector that maximizes the received SINR for each BF matrix since a single spatial stream is sent to each legitimate MS. Based on the feedback information from legitimate MSs and the CSI from the legitimate BS to eavesdroppers, the legitimate BS selects the optimal transmit BF matrix and the legitimate MSs that maximizes secrecy sum-rate. We also propose a codebook-based opportunistic feedback (CO-FB) strategy to reduce feedback overhead at legitimate MSs. Based on extensive computer simulations, the proposed PRBF with the proposed CO-FB significantly outperforms the conventional random beamforming (RBF) with the conventional opportunistic feedback (O-FB) strategies in terms of secrecy sum-rate and required feedback bits.
In this paper, we consider a multi-cell MISO downlink, where a multi-antenna base station (BS) sends messages to its intended user, while a passive eavesdropper tries to intercept the information in each cell. Physical layer security is employed in order to guarantee information security. Due to incomplete channel state information (CSI) at BSs, residue inter-cell interference exists even with coordinated beamforming, which exerts a great impact on the secrecy performance. In this paper, we conduct a unified performance analysis for physical layer security with incomplete CSI, and derives closed-form expressions of ergodic secrecy rate, secrecy outage probability, and interception probability, considering CSI estimation accuracy, transmit signal to noise ratio (SNR), and channel condition. We reveal some insights on the secrecy performance through asymptotic analysis. Furthermore, based on the derived theoretical results, we propose a CSI exchange amount allocation scheme. Finally, the simulations validate our theoretical claims.
Summary In this work, we analyze the physical layer security (PLS) for a multiuser (MUS) multi‐input multi‐output multi‐eavesdropper (MIMOME) wireless network using selection transmission (ST) at the base station (BS) with maximum ratio combining (MRC) at both of the receivers, receivers of legitimate users (LUs) as well as the receivers of illegitimate users over an uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel. In this scenario, multiple users communicate to a BS at the same time multiple eavesdropper user may intercept the transmission. Next, we drive exact closed‐form expression for probability of nonzero secrecy capacity (PNZSC) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) in the presence of imperfect channel state information (ICSI). At last, we present the simulation results to authenticate the analytical results and analyze the impact of ICSI on PLS of MUS‐MIMOME system.
This paper studies opportunistic scheduling schemes to enhance the secrecy performance in multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, in which a multiple antenna base station (BS) serves multiple single-antenna cell-center and cell-edge users in the presence of multiple single-antenna eavesdroppers. In order to improve the secrecy performance, we propose an opportunistic scheduling scheme, called the proposed antenna/users selection (PAUS) scheme. Additionally, we consider two practical eavesdropping scenarios, namely colluding and non-colluding eavesdroppers. We derive the exact closed-form expression for secrecy outage probability (SOP) and asymptotic SOP of the PAUS scheme under different eavesdropping scenarios. We provide the 2D golden section search-based algorithm to find the optimal values of the transmit power and power allocation coefficient that minimize the system secrecy outage performance. The developed analyses are verified by Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results show that the PAUS scheme improves secrecy performances compared to the benchmark random antenna/users selection (RAUS) scheme. To provide further insights into the system secure performance, the effects of transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), power allocation coefficient, the number of transmit antennas at the BS, number of cell-center and cell-edge users, and the eavesdropper placements are extensively evaluated and discussed.