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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

Spectral Modulation of Biphotons via Fourier Optical Synthesis

Takeru Naito, Masahiro Yabuno, Fumihiro China, Shigehito Miki, Hirotaka Terai, Ryōsuke Shimizu

Published Jul 31, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and demonstrate the modulation of the joint spectral intensity of a biphoton wave packet. Manipulating the two discrete joint temporal intensity distributions results in spectral modulation in 2D time-frequency space.
DOI
10.1109/cleo-pr62338.2022.10431998

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Precise manipulation of the time–frequency modes of entangled photons is crucial for future quantum science and technologies. Recently, the frequency-domain-quantum-optical-synthesis (FD-QOS) method was demonstrated by creating a superposition of different joint temporal amplitudes: those temporal distributions can be controlled by manipulating the joint spectral amplitude in 2D frequency space via a Fourier optical relation. This FD-QOS method provides an efficient, flexible, and easy-to-control way to precisely modulate the temporal distributions of the entangled photon in an ultrafast region. However, manipulation of only the temporal modes is not sufficient for various applications in quantum information, since spectral modulations are also needed on many occasions. Here, we present a proof-of-concept experiment of two-photon spectral modulation via temporal manipulation of a biphoton wave packet. This protocol, called time-domain-quantum-optical-synthesis (TD-QOS), is achieved by adjusting the relative phases between two joint temporal distributions. In addition, the two-photon joint spectral distributions are characterized by measuring the joint spectral intensities and Hong–Ou–Mandel interferences. The combination of FD-QOS and TD-QOS enables complete control over the biphoton states. Our work would further develop quantum technologies that rely on the time–frequency modes of entangled photons.
Arbitrary shaping of optical waveform is fundamental interest from basic science to advanced optical technologies. However, it is still challenging task for shaping a biphoton wave packet. Here we experimentally manipulate the spectrum and phase of a biphoton wave packet in a two-dimensional frequency space. The spectrum is shaped by adjusting the temperature of the crystal, and the phase is controlled by tilting the dispersive glass plate. The manipulating effects are confirmed by measuring the two-photon spectral intensity (TSI) and the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference patterns. The technique in this work paves the way for arbitrary shaping of a multi-photon wave packet in a quantum manner.
Conventional optical synthesis, the manipulation of the phase and amplitude of spectral components to produce an optical pulse in different temporal modes, is revolutionizing ultrafast optical science and metrology. These technologies rely on the Fourier transform of light fields between time and frequency domains in one-dimensional space. However, within this treatment, it is impossible to incorporate the quantum correlation among photons. Here, we expand the Fourier synthesis into high-dimensional space to deal with the quantum correlation and carry out an experimental demonstration by manipulating the two-photon probability distribution of a biphoton in two-dimensional time and frequency space. As a potential application, we show the manipulation of a heralded single-photon wave packet, which is never explained by the conventional one-dimensional Fourier optics. Our approach opens up a new pathway to tailor the temporal characteristics of a photon wave packet with high-dimensional quantum-mechanical treatment. We anticipate that such high-dimensional treatment of light in time and frequency domains could bridge the research fields between quantum optics and ultrafast optical measurements.