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A Critical Analysis of the Quantum Nonlocality Problem: On the Polemic Assessment of What Bell Did

Justo Pastor Lambare

Published Feb 19, 2024• 0 citations

Abstract

Despite their Nobel prize-winning empirical verification, the interpretation of the Bell inequality remains controversial. The alleged nonlocal character of quantum mechanics is inextricably related to the formulation of the Bell theorem. However, as is usually presented, the relation disagrees with Bell's approach and is inappropriately posed. The departure from the clear line of reasoning that Bell tried to convey has contributed to a polarization of part of the scientific community. We review part of Bell's work and show how the correct appreciation of Bell's rationale calls for reformulating a widespread argument on quantum nonlocality, yielding a more balanced perspective of the problem. We highlight a more formal proof of quantum mechanics' violation of local causality. For completeness, we mention a few alternatives that may justify considering quantum mechanics as a local theory.

DOI: 10.20944/preprints202205.0015.v7

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The alleged nonlocal character of quantum mechanics is inextricably related to the formulation of the Bell theorem. That relation, however, is commonly incorrectly assessed. The departure from the clear line of reasoning that John Bell tried to convey has led to a polarization of part of the scientific community into radical irreconcilable positions. We show how the correct appreciation of Bell's work calls for reinterpreting the usual significance given to the Bell theorem yielding a more rational perspective of the problem. We formalize the correct argument sustaining the nonlocal character of quantum mechanics and also comment on alternatives that may justify considering quantum mechanics as a local theory.

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Through a historical analysis of John Stewart Bell's works, we confront a stance that distorts his views on the nature of quantum theory, more concretely, on quantum nonlocality. We briefly analyze Bell's arguments for quantum nonlocality as he developed them from 1964 until his sudden and unexpected death in 1990. As is well known, the alleged nonlocal character of quantum mechanics is inextricably related to the formulation of the Bell theorem. However, the departure from the clear line of reasoning that John Bell tried to convey has led to a polarization of part of the scientific community into radical irreconcilable positions. We show how the correct appreciation of Bell's work calls for reinterpreting the usual significance given to the Bell theorem yielding a more rational perspective of the problem. We formalize the correct argument sustaining the nonlocal character of quantum mechanics and comment on alternatives that may justify considering quantum mechanics as a local theory.

Despite their Nobel prize-winning empirical falsification, the interpretation of the Bell inequality remains controversial. An objective analysis of Bell's work on nonlocality shows that Bell's rationale calls for reconsidering a widespread argument on quantum nonlocality yielding a clearer formulation free from the usual obscurities that lead to misleading controversies. By dismissing unnecessary metaphysical tenets, it is possible to probe the core of the problem and determine under what rational assumptions locality or nonlocality become feasible alternatives. The approach renders a more balanced perspective on a long-standing polarized interpretative debate.