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Optics Express

10-dB squeeze laser tuneable over half a nanometer around 1550 nm

Malte Hagemann, Jascha Zander, Axel Schönbeck, Roman Schnabel

Published Feb 9, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Lasers for generating monochromatic light beams with sideband spectra in strongly squeezed vacuum states are the basis for aspired optical continuous-variable quantum computers. We have developed a "squeeze laser" that produces 10 dB squeezed vacuum states at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the latter being tunable by 0.5 nm without losing the high squeeze factor. Several identical squeeze lasers can thus be combined to realise wavelength-division multiplexing. Our squeeze laser uses the mature technology of parametric down-conversion in a periodically poled KTP crystal placed in a cavity that resonates both the squeezed field and the second harmonic pump field. Unlike previous realisations, we achieve the double resonance and phase matching by individually optimising and controlling the temperatures of two sections of the crystal body. The wavelength range is currently limited by the tuneability of the 1550 nm master laser.

DOI
10.1364/oe.507573

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•Aug 3, 2016•0 citations
Lasers for generating monochromatic light beams with sideband spectra in strongly squeezed vacuum states are the basis for aspired optical continuous-variable quantum computers. We have developed a "squeeze laser" that produces 10 dB squeezed vacuum states at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the latter being tunable by 0.5 nm without losing the high squeeze factor. Several identical squeeze lasers can thus be combined to realise wavelength-division multiplexing. Our squeeze laser uses the mature technology of parametric down-conversion in a periodically poled KTP crystal placed in a cavity that resonates both the squeezed field and the second harmonic pump field. Unlike previous realisations, we achieve the double resonance and phase matching by individually optimising and controlling the temperatures of two sections of the crystal body. The wavelength range is currently limited by the tuneability of the 1550 nm master laser.
Strongly squeezed light at telecommunication wavelengths is the necessary resource for one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution via fibre networks. Reducing the optical pump power that is required for its generation will advance this quantum technology towards efficient out-of-laboratory operation. Here, we investigate the second-harmonic pump power requirement for parametric generation of continuous-wave squeezed vacuum states at 1550nm in a state-of-the-art doubly-resonant standing-wave PPKTP cavity setup. We use coarse adjustment of the Gouy phase via the cavity length together with temperature fine-tuning for simultaneously achieving double resonance and (quasi) phase matching, and observe a squeeze factor of 13dB at 1550nm from just 12mW external pump power at 775nm. We anticipate that optimizing the cavity coupler reflectivity will reduce the external pump power to 3mW, without reducing the squeeze factor.
Strongly squeezed light at telecommunication wavelengths is a necessary resource for one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution via fiber networks. Reducing the optical pump power that is required for its generation will advance this quantum technology towards efficient out-of-laboratory operation. Here, we investigate the second-harmonic pump power requirement for parametric generation of continuous-wave squeezed vacuum states at 1550 nm in a state-of-the-art doubly resonant standing-wave periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate cavity setup. We use coarse adjustment of the Gouy phase via the cavity length, together with temperature fine-tuning, for simultaneously achieving double resonance and (quasi) phase matching, and observe a squeeze factor of 13 dB at 1550 nm from just 12 mW of external pump power at 775 nm. We anticipate that optimizing the cavity coupler reflectivity will reduce the external pump power to 3 mW, without reducing the squeeze factor.
We generate squeezed state of light at 860 nm with a monolithic optical parametric oscillator. The optical parametric oscillator consists of a periodically poled KTiOPO(4) crystal, both ends of which are spherically polished and mirror-coated. We achieve both phase matching and cavity resonance by controlling only the temperature of the crystal. We observe up to -8.0±0.2 dB of squeezing with the bandwidth of 142 MHz. Our technique makes it possible to drive many monolithic cavities simultaneously by a single laser. Hence our monolithic optical parametric oscillator is quite suitable to continuous-variable quantum information experiments where we need a large number of highly squeezed light beams.
Squeezed vacuum states were generated using a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) and a home-made, continuous-wave, single-frequency 532 nm and 1064 nm dual-wavelength laser. The OPO was pumped by the 532 nm output of the laser. The 1064 nm output of the laser was used to generate an auxiliary beam by optical serrodyne sideband modulation and a coherent control field (CCF). When the subthreshold OPO was locked using the auxiliary beam and the squeezing angle controlled using the CCF, 6.1 ± 0.3 dB phase-squeezed vacuum states at audio frequencies from 5 to 100 kHz were stably generated with a compact configuration.
We report on efficient generation of second harmonic laser and single-mode vacuum squeezed light of 795 nm with periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystals. We achieved 111 mW of ultra-violet (UV) light at 397.5 nm from 191 mW of fundamental light with a PPKTP crystal in a doubling cavity, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 58.1%. Using the UV light to pump an optical parametric oscillator with a PPKTP crystal, we realized -5.6 dB of a maximum squeezing. We analyzed the pump power dependence of the squeezing level and concluded that the UV light induced losses limit the improvement of the squeezing level. The generated squeezed light has huge potential application in quantum memory and ultra-precise measurement.
We report on experimental preparation of the second-harmonic-wave laser and the single-mode squeezed vacuum state of 795 nm (rubidium atom D1 line) with periodically-poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) bulk crystals. By using a four-mirror bow-tie type ring doubling cavity we achieved ~111 mW of continuous-wave single-frequency ultra-violet (UV) laser radiation at 397.5 nm with ~191 mW of 795 nm fundamental-wave laser input. The corresponding doubling efficiency is 58.1%. To our knowledge, this is the highest doubling efficiency at 795 nm so far. Employing the 397.5 nm UV laser as a pump source of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with a PPKTP crystal, we achieved 5.6 dB of 795 nm single-mode squeezed vacuum output at analyzing frequency of 2 MHz. To our knowledge, this is the highest squeezing level of 795 nm single-mode squeezed vacuum so far. We analyzed the pump power dependence of the squeezing level, and concluded that UV laser induced losses of PPKTP crystal are main limiting factors for further improving the squeezing level. The generated 795 nm vacuum squeezing has huge potential applications in quantum memory and ultra-precision measurement with rubidium atoms.