Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Nuclear Physics B

Separation of variables for the classical elliptic reflection equation algebra

T. Skrypnyk

Published Feb 1, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In the present paper we construct separation of variables (SoV) for all Lax-integrable systems, two by two Lax matrix of which enjoys classical reflection equation algebra with the elliptic r−s matrices. We show that, similar to the cases of SoV for the classical XYZ and XXZ models [1], [2], the constructed SoV admits two types of momenta, which are important in the quantum case [1], [2]. We consider two examples of such the integrable hamiltonian systems governed by the simplest Poisson brackets connected with classical reflection equation algebra with the elliptic r−s matrices. They are the classical Sklyanin algebra and its four-dimensional extension which provide a quadratic structure for the classical Steklov top. We explicitly construct the variables of separation, Abel equations and reconstruction formulae for the corresponding integrable models.

DOI
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2024.116460

Related papers

On separation of variables for reflection algebras

J M Maillet, Giuliano Niccoli

Abstract We implement our new separation of variables (SoV) approach for open quantum integrable models associated to higher rank representations of the reflection algebras. We construct the (SoV) basis for the fundamental representations of the Y ( gl n ) reflection algebra associated to general integrable boundary conditions. Moreover, we give the conditions on the boundary K -matrices allowing for the transfer matrix to be diagonalizable with simple spectrum. These SoV basis are then used to completely characterize the transfer matrix spectrum for the rank one and two reflection algebras. The rank one case is developed for both the rational and trigonometric fundamental representations of the 6-vertex reflection algebra. On the one hand, we extend the complete spectrum characterization to representations previously lying outside the SoV approach, e.g. those for which the standard algebraic Bethe Ansatz applies. On the other hand, we show that our new SoV construction can be reduced to the generalized Sklyanin’s one whenever it is applicable. The rank two case is developed explicitly for the fundamental representations of the Y ( gl 3 ) reflection algebra associated to general integrable boundary conditions. For both rank one and two our SoV approach leads to a complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum in terms of a set of polynomial solutions to the corresponding quantum spectral curve equation. Those are finite difference functional equations of order equal to the rank plus one, i.e. here two and three respectively for the Y ( gl 2 ) and Y ( gl 3 ) reflection algebras.

arXiv:1904.00852•Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment•Sep 1, 2019•26 citations

SOV approach for integrable quantum models associated with general representations on spin-1/2 chains of the 8-vertex reflection algebra

S Faldella, Giuliano Niccoli

The analysis of the transfer matrices associated to the most general representations of the 8-vertex reflection algebra on spin-1/2 chains is here implemented by introducing a quantum separation of variables (SOV) method which generalizes to these integrable quantum models the method first introduced by Sklyanin. More in detail, for the representations reproducing in their homogeneous limits the open XYZ spin-1/2 quantum chains with the most general integrable boundary conditions, we explicitly construct representations of the 8-vertex reflection algebras for which the transfer matrix spectral problem is separated. Then, in these SOV representations we get the complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum (eigenvalues and eigenstates) and its non-degeneracy. Moreover, we present the first fundamental step toward the characterization of the dynamics of these models by deriving determinant formulae for the matrix elements of the identity on separated states, which apply in particular to transfer matrix eigenstates. The comparison of our analysis for the 8-vertex reflection algebra with that of [1, 2] for the 6-vertex one leads to the interesting remark that a profound similarity in both the characterization of the spectral problems and of the scalar products exists for these two different realizations of the reflection algebra once they are described by SOV method. As it will be shown in a future publication, this remarkable similarity will be at the basis of the simultaneous determination of form factors of local operators of integrable quantum models associated to general reflection algebra representations of both 8-vertex and 6-vertex type.

arXiv:1307.5531•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical•Feb 28, 2014•46 citations

Separation of variables and XXZ Gaudin magnet

Ernest G. Kalnins, Vadim B. Kuznetsov, Willard Miller

Abstract. In this work we generalise previous results connecting (rational) Gaudin magnet models and classical separation of variables. It is shown that the connection persists for the case of linear r-matrix algebra which corresponds to the trigonometric 4 × 4 r-matrix (of the XXZ type). We comment also on the corresponding problem for the elliptic (XYZ) r-matrix. A prescription for obtaining integrable systems associated with multiple poles of an L-operator is given. 1. Introduction. Separation of variables for the Hamilton-Jacobi and Schrödinger equations have long been known as methods for explicit solution of these equations in appropriate circumstances. The technical requirements for this method of solution have quite fully developed in recent years (see [1–8]). In particular the relationship between the separable systems and the Gaudin magnet [4,9] integrable

•Jan 1, 1995•2 citations

On quantum separation of variables beyond fundamental representations

Jean Michel Maillet, Giuliano Niccoli

We describe the extension, beyond fundamental representations of the Yang-Baxter algebra, of our new construction of separation of variables bases for quantum integrable lattice models. The key idea underlying our approach is to use the commuting conserved charges of the quantum integrable models to generate bases in which their spectral problem is separated, i.e. in which the wave functions are factorized in terms of specific solutions of a functional equation. For the so-called “non-fundamental” models we construct two different types of SoV bases. The first is given from the fundamental quantum Lax operator having isomorphic auxiliary and quantum spaces and that can be obtained by fusion of the original quantum Lax operator. The construction essentially follows the one we used previously for fundamental models and allows us to derive the simplicity and diagonalizability of the transfer matrix spectrum. Then, starting from the original quantum Lax operator and using the full tower of the fused transfer matrices, we introduce a second type of SoV bases for which the proof of the separation of the transfer matrix spectrum is naturally derived. We show that, under some special choice, this second type of SoV bases coincides with the one associated to Sklyanin’s approach. Moreover, we derive the finite difference type (quantum spectral curve) functional equation and the set of its solutions defining the complete transfer matrix spectrum. This is explicitly implemented for the integrable quantum models associated to the higher spin representations of the general quasi-periodic Y(gl_{2}) Y ( g l 2 ) Yang-Baxter algebra. Our SoV approach also leads to the construction of a Q Q -operator in terms of the fused transfer matrices. Finally, we show that the Q Q -operator family can be equivalently used as the family of commuting conserved charges enabling to construct our SoV bases.

arXiv:1903.06618•SciPost Physics•Feb 4, 2021•27 citations

Classical functional Bethe ansatz for SL(N): Separation of variables for the magnetic chain

D. R. D. Scott

It is desirable for one to be able to construct separation variables for systems with SL(N) R matrices or Lax pairs. This article relates and extends the two known methods of construction. The Sklyanin’s functional Bethe ansatz (FBA) [Commun. Math. Phys. 150, 181–191 (1992)] was previously only known for SL(2) and SL(3) (and associated) R matrices. The algebraic geometric method of Adams, Harnad, and Hurtubise [Commun. Math. Phys. 155, 385–413 (1993)] has been shown to work for SL(N) but up until now only for linear Poisson brackets. In this article Sklyanin’s program is advanced by giving the FBA for certain systems with SL(N) R matrices. This is achieved by constructing rational functions 𝒜(u) and ℬ(u) of the matrix elements of T(u), so that, in the generic case, the zeros xi of ℬ(u) are the separation coordinates and the Pi=𝒜(xi) provide their conjugate momenta. It is shown that the separation variables thus defined are the same as those given (as the simultaneous solutions of several equations in two variables) by the other method. The crucial calculation of Adams et al. of the commutation relations is also adapted to the case of quadratic Poisson brackets. The method is illustrated with the magnetic chain and the Gaudin model, and its wider applicability is discussed. No knowledge of algebraic geometry is required.

arXiv:hep-th/9403030•Journal of Mathematical Physics•Nov 1, 1994•38 citations

Separation of Variables in the Elliptic Gaudin Model

Evgeny Konstantinovich Sklyanin, St. Petersburg Branch, Takashi Takebe

. For the elliptic Gaudin model (a degenerate case of XYZ integrable spin chain) a separation of variables is constructed in the classical case. The corresponding separated coordinates are obtained as the poles of a suitably normalized Baker-Akhiezer function. The classical results are generalized to the quantum case where the kernel of separating integral operator is constructed. The simplest onedegree -of-freedom case is studied in detail. 1 Introduction The quantum elliptic (or XYZ) Gaudin model was introduced in [1], see also [2], as a limiting case of the integrable XYZ spin chain [3]. The commuting Hamiltonians H n of the model are expressed as quadratic combinations of sl 2 spin operators. Determining the spectrum of H n turned out to be a difficult problem like the original XYZ spin chain. Let us list the known facts related to this problem. ffl A solution by means of Algebraic Bethe Ansatz has been obtained only recently [4]. See also [5] ffl As shown in [6], in the SU(2...

•Jan 1, 1998•21 citations
In the present paper we construct separation of variables (SoV) for all Lax-integrable systems, two by two Lax matrix of which enjoys classical reflection equation algebra with the elliptic r−s matrices. We show that, similar to the cases of SoV for the classical XYZ and XXZ models [1], [2], the constructed SoV admits two types of momenta, which are important in the quantum case [1], [2]. We consider two examples of such the integrable hamiltonian systems governed by the simplest Poisson brackets connected with classical reflection equation algebra with the elliptic r−s matrices. They are the classical Sklyanin algebra and its four-dimensional extension which provide a quadratic structure for the classical Steklov top. We explicitly construct the variables of separation, Abel equations and reconstruction formulae for the corresponding integrable models.
Abstract We implement our new separation of variables (SoV) approach for open quantum integrable models associated to higher rank representations of the reflection algebras. We construct the (SoV) basis for the fundamental representations of the Y ( gl n ) reflection algebra associated to general integrable boundary conditions. Moreover, we give the conditions on the boundary K -matrices allowing for the transfer matrix to be diagonalizable with simple spectrum. These SoV basis are then used to completely characterize the transfer matrix spectrum for the rank one and two reflection algebras. The rank one case is developed for both the rational and trigonometric fundamental representations of the 6-vertex reflection algebra. On the one hand, we extend the complete spectrum characterization to representations previously lying outside the SoV approach, e.g. those for which the standard algebraic Bethe Ansatz applies. On the other hand, we show that our new SoV construction can be reduced to the generalized Sklyanin’s one whenever it is applicable. The rank two case is developed explicitly for the fundamental representations of the Y ( gl 3 ) reflection algebra associated to general integrable boundary conditions. For both rank one and two our SoV approach leads to a complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum in terms of a set of polynomial solutions to the corresponding quantum spectral curve equation. Those are finite difference functional equations of order equal to the rank plus one, i.e. here two and three respectively for the Y ( gl 2 ) and Y ( gl 3 ) reflection algebras.
The analysis of the transfer matrices associated to the most general representations of the 8-vertex reflection algebra on spin-1/2 chains is here implemented by introducing a quantum separation of variables (SOV) method which generalizes to these integrable quantum models the method first introduced by Sklyanin. More in detail, for the representations reproducing in their homogeneous limits the open XYZ spin-1/2 quantum chains with the most general integrable boundary conditions, we explicitly construct representations of the 8-vertex reflection algebras for which the transfer matrix spectral problem is separated. Then, in these SOV representations we get the complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum (eigenvalues and eigenstates) and its non-degeneracy. Moreover, we present the first fundamental step toward the characterization of the dynamics of these models by deriving determinant formulae for the matrix elements of the identity on separated states, which apply in particular to transfer matrix eigenstates. The comparison of our analysis for the 8-vertex reflection algebra with that of [1, 2] for the 6-vertex one leads to the interesting remark that a profound similarity in both the characterization of the spectral problems and of the scalar products exists for these two different realizations of the reflection algebra once they are described by SOV method. As it will be shown in a future publication, this remarkable similarity will be at the basis of the simultaneous determination of form factors of local operators of integrable quantum models associated to general reflection algebra representations of both 8-vertex and 6-vertex type.
Abstract. In this work we generalise previous results connecting (rational) Gaudin magnet models and classical separation of variables. It is shown that the connection persists for the case of linear r-matrix algebra which corresponds to the trigonometric 4 × 4 r-matrix (of the XXZ type). We comment also on the corresponding problem for the elliptic (XYZ) r-matrix. A prescription for obtaining integrable systems associated with multiple poles of an L-operator is given. 1. Introduction. Separation of variables for the Hamilton-Jacobi and Schrödinger equations have long been known as methods for explicit solution of these equations in appropriate circumstances. The technical requirements for this method of solution have quite fully developed in recent years (see [1–8]). In particular the relationship between the separable systems and the Gaudin magnet [4,9] integrable
We describe the extension, beyond fundamental representations of the Yang-Baxter algebra, of our new construction of separation of variables bases for quantum integrable lattice models. The key idea underlying our approach is to use the commuting conserved charges of the quantum integrable models to generate bases in which their spectral problem is separated, i.e. in which the wave functions are factorized in terms of specific solutions of a functional equation. For the so-called “non-fundamental” models we construct two different types of SoV bases. The first is given from the fundamental quantum Lax operator having isomorphic auxiliary and quantum spaces and that can be obtained by fusion of the original quantum Lax operator. The construction essentially follows the one we used previously for fundamental models and allows us to derive the simplicity and diagonalizability of the transfer matrix spectrum. Then, starting from the original quantum Lax operator and using the full tower of the fused transfer matrices, we introduce a second type of SoV bases for which the proof of the separation of the transfer matrix spectrum is naturally derived. We show that, under some special choice, this second type of SoV bases coincides with the one associated to Sklyanin’s approach. Moreover, we derive the finite difference type (quantum spectral curve) functional equation and the set of its solutions defining the complete transfer matrix spectrum. This is explicitly implemented for the integrable quantum models associated to the higher spin representations of the general quasi-periodic Y(gl_{2}) Y ( g l 2 ) Yang-Baxter algebra. Our SoV approach also leads to the construction of a Q Q -operator in terms of the fused transfer matrices. Finally, we show that the Q Q -operator family can be equivalently used as the family of commuting conserved charges enabling to construct our SoV bases.
It is desirable for one to be able to construct separation variables for systems with SL(N) R matrices or Lax pairs. This article relates and extends the two known methods of construction. The Sklyanin’s functional Bethe ansatz (FBA) [Commun. Math. Phys. 150, 181–191 (1992)] was previously only known for SL(2) and SL(3) (and associated) R matrices. The algebraic geometric method of Adams, Harnad, and Hurtubise [Commun. Math. Phys. 155, 385–413 (1993)] has been shown to work for SL(N) but up until now only for linear Poisson brackets. In this article Sklyanin’s program is advanced by giving the FBA for certain systems with SL(N) R matrices. This is achieved by constructing rational functions 𝒜(u) and ℬ(u) of the matrix elements of T(u), so that, in the generic case, the zeros xi of ℬ(u) are the separation coordinates and the Pi=𝒜(xi) provide their conjugate momenta. It is shown that the separation variables thus defined are the same as those given (as the simultaneous solutions of several equations in two variables) by the other method. The crucial calculation of Adams et al. of the commutation relations is also adapted to the case of quadratic Poisson brackets. The method is illustrated with the magnetic chain and the Gaudin model, and its wider applicability is discussed. No knowledge of algebraic geometry is required.
. For the elliptic Gaudin model (a degenerate case of XYZ integrable spin chain) a separation of variables is constructed in the classical case. The corresponding separated coordinates are obtained as the poles of a suitably normalized Baker-Akhiezer function. The classical results are generalized to the quantum case where the kernel of separating integral operator is constructed. The simplest onedegree -of-freedom case is studied in detail. 1 Introduction The quantum elliptic (or XYZ) Gaudin model was introduced in [1], see also [2], as a limiting case of the integrable XYZ spin chain [3]. The commuting Hamiltonians H n of the model are expressed as quadratic combinations of sl 2 spin operators. Determining the spectrum of H n turned out to be a difficult problem like the original XYZ spin chain. Let us list the known facts related to this problem. ffl A solution by means of Algebraic Bethe Ansatz has been obtained only recently [4]. See also [5] ffl As shown in [6], in the SU(2...