Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies

Ensuring Privacy in Wireless Channels with Physical Layer Security: A Survey of Encryption Strategies

S. Revathi, M Abisri, C. Aparna, G. Lidhuna

Published Feb 8, 2024• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper reviews various encryption strategies designed to enhance privacy in wireless communication, with a focus on leveraging physical layer security. Exploring techniques that utilize inherent wireless channel features for secure communication, the survey presents the strengths and challenges of each method. The aim is to provide a straightforward overview for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers, about the evolving landscape of encryption methods in wireless channels for improved privacy. Furthermore, it discusses how these physical layer key generation techniques can be integrated with advanced technologies by providing a suggested model by combining the Machine learning and the Multi authority ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) to ensure privacy in wireless channels.

DOI
10.36548/jucct.2023.4.006

Related papers

Physical Layer Security for 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

José David Vega Sánchez, Luis Felipe Urquiza-Aguiar, Martha Cecilia Paredes Paredes

Physical-layer security is emerging approach that can benefit conventional encryption methods. The main idea of physical layer security is to take advantage of the features of the wireless channel and its impairments in order to ensure secure communication in the physical layer. This paper provides a comprehensive review of information-theoretic measures of the secrecy performance in physical layer security. In addition, our work survey research about physical layer security over several enabling 5G technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave communications, heterogeneous networks, and full-duplex, including the key concepts of each of the aforementioned technologies. Finally, future research directions and technical challenges of physical layer security are identified.

Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet)•Oct 1, 2019•24 citations

Physical Layer Security for 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

José David Vega Sánchez, Luis Felipe Urquiza-Aguiar, Martha Cecilia Paredes Paredes

Physical-layer security is emerging approach that can benefit conventional encryption methods. The main idea of physical layer security is to take advantage of the features of the wireless channel and its impairments in order to ensure secure communication in the physical layer. This paper provides a comprehensive review of information-theoretic measures of the secrecy performance in physical layer security. In addition, our work survey research about physical layer security over several enabling 5G technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave communications, heterogeneous networks, and full-duplex, including the key concepts of each of the aforementioned technologies. Finally, future research directions and technical challenges of physical layer security are identified.

•Nov 7, 2019•0 citations

Principles of Physical Layer Security in Multiuser Wireless Networks: A Survey

Amitav Mukherjee, S. Ali. A. Fakoorian, Jing Huang +1 more

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the domain of physical layer security in multiuser wireless networks. The essential premise of physical layer security is to enable the exchange of confidential messages over a wireless medium in the presence of unauthorized eavesdroppers, without relying on higher-layer encryption. This can be achieved primarily in two ways: without the need for a secret key by intelligently designing transmit coding strategies, or by exploiting the wireless communication medium to develop secret keys over public channels. The survey begins with an overview of the foundations dating back to the pioneering work of Shannon and Wyner on information-theoretic security. We then describe the evolution of secure transmission strategies from point-to-point channels to multiple-antenna systems, followed by generalizations to multiuser broadcast, multiple-access, interference, and relay networks. Secret-key generation and establishment protocols based on physical layer mechanisms are subsequently covered. Approaches for secrecy based on channel coding design are then examined, along with a description of inter-disciplinary approaches based on game theory and stochastic geometry. The associated problem of physical layer message authentication is also briefly introduced. The survey concludes with observations on potential research directions in this area.

arXiv:1011.3754•IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials•Jan 1, 2014•1,488 citations

A Survey of Key Generation Techniques in Wireless channels for Physical Layer Security

Joanne Gomes, Sujata Kadam,

Nowadays wireless networks are highly concerned about security. Compared to wireless networks, wired networks are less prone to attacks. The physical layer eavesdropping attack has a significant impact on wireless network security. The use of cryptographic methods at the higher layers of the OSI model is necessary for traditional security in wireless networks. These cryptographic keys can be replaced with key generation at physical layer exploiting the unpredictable channel properties. Current methods for generating wireless keys at the physical layer are examined in this paper. Comprehensive surveys in this regard are conducted of the guiding principles, performance indicators, and key generation process. Techniques for enhancing the effectiveness of key generation are also reviewed. The difficulties of using the strategy in each situation are then discussed, along with key generation applications in diverse situations. The paper ends with several recommendations for future investigations.

International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering•Mar 24, 2024•0 citations

A Survey on Artificial Noise for Physical Layer Security: Opportunities, Technologies, Guidelines, Advances, and Trends

Hong Niu, Yue Xiao, Xia Lei +4 more

Due to the broadcast nature of wireless communications, physical-layer security has attracted increasing attention from both academia and industry. Artificial noise (AN), as one of the promising physical-layer security techniques, leverages the spatial degree-of-freedom of channels to effectively enhance the security of wireless communications. In contrast to other physical-layer security techniques, the key distinguishing feature of AN lies in its ability to generate specific interfering signals according to channel characteristics, thereby increasing the secrecy capacity by reducing the wiretap channel capacity without affecting the legitimate channel capacity. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of AN, including its evolution, modeling, background, applications, and future trends. Initially, we introduce the development, fundamentals, and technical background of AN. Subsequently, we review the current state of research across various AN-empowered scenarios and AN-combined technologies. Finally, we discuss open challenges and outline potential future directions for AN-aided wireless security.

arXiv:2507.06500•IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials•Sep 16, 2025•50 citations

Physical layer security techniques for data transmission for future wireless networks

Weiping Shi, Xinyi Jiang, Jinsong Hu +7 more

The broadcast nature of wireless communication systems makes wireless transmission extremely susceptible to eavesdropping and even malicious interference. Physical layer security technology can effectively protect the private information sent by the transmitter from being listened to by illegal eavesdroppers, thus ensuring the privacy and security of communication between the transmitter and legitimate users. Thus, the main design goal of physical layer security is to increase the performance difference between the link of the legitimate receiver and that of the eavesdropper using well-designed transmission schemes. The development of mobile communication presents new challenges to physical layer security research. This paper provides a survey of the physical layer security research on various promising mobile technologies from secure key generation and keyless techniques, including secure key generation, directional modulation (DM), spatial modulation (SM), covert communication, and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided communication. Finally, the future topics and the unresolved technical challenges are presented in physical layer security for mobile communications.

Security and Safety•Jan 1, 2022•16 citations
This paper reviews various encryption strategies designed to enhance privacy in wireless communication, with a focus on leveraging physical layer security. Exploring techniques that utilize inherent wireless channel features for secure communication, the survey presents the strengths and challenges of each method. The aim is to provide a straightforward overview for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers, about the evolving landscape of encryption methods in wireless channels for improved privacy. Furthermore, it discusses how these physical layer key generation techniques can be integrated with advanced technologies by providing a suggested model by combining the Machine learning and the Multi authority ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) to ensure privacy in wireless channels.
Physical-layer security is emerging approach that can benefit conventional encryption methods. The main idea of physical layer security is to take advantage of the features of the wireless channel and its impairments in order to ensure secure communication in the physical layer. This paper provides a comprehensive review of information-theoretic measures of the secrecy performance in physical layer security. In addition, our work survey research about physical layer security over several enabling 5G technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave communications, heterogeneous networks, and full-duplex, including the key concepts of each of the aforementioned technologies. Finally, future research directions and technical challenges of physical layer security are identified.
Physical-layer security is emerging approach that can benefit conventional encryption methods. The main idea of physical layer security is to take advantage of the features of the wireless channel and its impairments in order to ensure secure communication in the physical layer. This paper provides a comprehensive review of information-theoretic measures of the secrecy performance in physical layer security. In addition, our work survey research about physical layer security over several enabling 5G technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave communications, heterogeneous networks, and full-duplex, including the key concepts of each of the aforementioned technologies. Finally, future research directions and technical challenges of physical layer security are identified.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the domain of physical layer security in multiuser wireless networks. The essential premise of physical layer security is to enable the exchange of confidential messages over a wireless medium in the presence of unauthorized eavesdroppers, without relying on higher-layer encryption. This can be achieved primarily in two ways: without the need for a secret key by intelligently designing transmit coding strategies, or by exploiting the wireless communication medium to develop secret keys over public channels. The survey begins with an overview of the foundations dating back to the pioneering work of Shannon and Wyner on information-theoretic security. We then describe the evolution of secure transmission strategies from point-to-point channels to multiple-antenna systems, followed by generalizations to multiuser broadcast, multiple-access, interference, and relay networks. Secret-key generation and establishment protocols based on physical layer mechanisms are subsequently covered. Approaches for secrecy based on channel coding design are then examined, along with a description of inter-disciplinary approaches based on game theory and stochastic geometry. The associated problem of physical layer message authentication is also briefly introduced. The survey concludes with observations on potential research directions in this area.
Nowadays wireless networks are highly concerned about security. Compared to wireless networks, wired networks are less prone to attacks. The physical layer eavesdropping attack has a significant impact on wireless network security. The use of cryptographic methods at the higher layers of the OSI model is necessary for traditional security in wireless networks. These cryptographic keys can be replaced with key generation at physical layer exploiting the unpredictable channel properties. Current methods for generating wireless keys at the physical layer are examined in this paper. Comprehensive surveys in this regard are conducted of the guiding principles, performance indicators, and key generation process. Techniques for enhancing the effectiveness of key generation are also reviewed. The difficulties of using the strategy in each situation are then discussed, along with key generation applications in diverse situations. The paper ends with several recommendations for future investigations.
Due to the broadcast nature of wireless communications, physical-layer security has attracted increasing attention from both academia and industry. Artificial noise (AN), as one of the promising physical-layer security techniques, leverages the spatial degree-of-freedom of channels to effectively enhance the security of wireless communications. In contrast to other physical-layer security techniques, the key distinguishing feature of AN lies in its ability to generate specific interfering signals according to channel characteristics, thereby increasing the secrecy capacity by reducing the wiretap channel capacity without affecting the legitimate channel capacity. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of AN, including its evolution, modeling, background, applications, and future trends. Initially, we introduce the development, fundamentals, and technical background of AN. Subsequently, we review the current state of research across various AN-empowered scenarios and AN-combined technologies. Finally, we discuss open challenges and outline potential future directions for AN-aided wireless security.
The broadcast nature of wireless communication systems makes wireless transmission extremely susceptible to eavesdropping and even malicious interference. Physical layer security technology can effectively protect the private information sent by the transmitter from being listened to by illegal eavesdroppers, thus ensuring the privacy and security of communication between the transmitter and legitimate users. Thus, the main design goal of physical layer security is to increase the performance difference between the link of the legitimate receiver and that of the eavesdropper using well-designed transmission schemes. The development of mobile communication presents new challenges to physical layer security research. This paper provides a survey of the physical layer security research on various promising mobile technologies from secure key generation and keyless techniques, including secure key generation, directional modulation (DM), spatial modulation (SM), covert communication, and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided communication. Finally, the future topics and the unresolved technical challenges are presented in physical layer security for mobile communications.