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Physical Review A

Switch and phase shift of photon polarization qubits via double Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency

Yao Ou, Guoxiang Huang

Published Feb 7, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and analyze a scheme for manipulating the propagation of single-photon pulses with two polarization components in a Rydberg atomic gas via double electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that by storing a gate photon in a Rydberg state, a deep and tunable potential for a photon polarization qubit can be achieved based on the strong Rydberg interaction. We also show that the scheme can be used to realize an all-optical switch in the dissipation regime and generate a large phase shift in the dispersion regime for the photon polarization qubit. Moreover, we demonstrate that such a scheme can be utilized to detect weak magnetic fields. The results reported here are not only beneficial for understanding the quantum optical property of Rydberg atomic gases, but also promising for designing devices for quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.109.023508

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We propose and analyze a scheme for manipulating the propagation of single-photon pulses with two polarization components in a Rydberg atomic gas via double electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that by storing a gate photon in a Rydberg state, a deep and tunable potential for a photon polarization qubit can be achieved based on the strong Rydberg interaction. We also show that the scheme can be used to realize an all-optical switch in the dissipation regime and generate a large phase shift in the dispersion regime for the photon polarization qubit. Moreover, we demonstrate that such a scheme can be utilized to detect weak magnetic fields. The results reported here are not only beneficial for understanding the quantum optical property of Rydberg atomic gases, but also promising for designing devices for quantum information processing.
We propose and analyze a scheme for manipulating the propagation of single photon pulses with two polarization components in a Rydberg atomic gas via double electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that by storing a gate photon in a Rydberg state a deep and tunable potential for a photon polarization qubit can be achieved based on strong Rydberg interaction. We also show that the scheme can be used to realize all-optical switch in dissipation regime and generate a large phase shift in dispersion regime for the photon polarization qubit. Moreover, we demonstrate that such a scheme can be utilized to detect weak magnetic fields. The results reported here are not only beneficial for understanding the quantum optical property of Rydberg atomic gases, but also promising for designing novel devices for quantum information processing.
We discuss electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold ensemble of atoms optically excited to the Rydberg states. Strong dipole-dipole or van der Waals interactions between the atomic Rydberg states translate into large nonlocal nonlinearities for a propagating probe field. In the case of weak quantum fields, this can be used to attain a conditional phase shift of π between pairs of single photons realizing a deterministic photonic phase gate. For stronger fields, long-range interactions between the atoms constrain the medium to behave as a collection of superatoms, each comprising a blockade volume that can accommodate at most one Rydberg excitation. The propagation of a probe field is affected by its two-photon correlations within the blockade distance, which are strongly damped due to low saturation threshold of the superatoms. Our calculations reproduce and interpret the results of recent experiments.
This thesis proposes a novel method to implement universal quantum gates for photonic qubits using the strong dipole-dipole interactions present in a cold gas of Rydberg atoms and the control offered by microwave fields. By means of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) we store the information encoded in photonic qubits as Rydberg excitations, and then couple these to neighbouring states using microwaves. Microwaves alter the range of the dipole-dipole interactions between the excitations, and a suitable geometrical arrangement of the excitations in the cloud leads to a controlled π\piπ phase shift in the system's wavefunction, the basis of the universal gates proposed. After processing, the excitations in the medium are later retrieved as photons. A theoretical description of the implementation of a 2-qubit universal gate is presented and a numerical analysis shows the feasibility of its implementation in a cold cloud of Rubidium atoms. A scheme is also proposed to construct more general gates with applications in quantum information processing. These schemes have been made possible by the analysis of recent experiments performed in the group. This analysis is repeated here, along with the characterization of parts of the detection system required to obtain them.
All-optical switching is a technique in which a gate light pulse changes the transmission of a target light pulse without the detour via electronic signal processing. We take this to the quantum regime, where the incoming gate light pulse contains only one photon on average. The gate pulse is stored as a Rydberg excitation in an ultracold atomic gas using electromagnetically induced transparency. Rydberg blockade suppresses the transmission of the subsequent target pulse. Finally, the stored gate photon can be retrieved. A retrieved photon heralds successful storage. The corresponding postselected subensemble shows an extinction of 0.05. The single-photon switch offers many interesting perspectives ranging from quantum communication to quantum information processing.
We present a theoretical investigation on the quantum memory of photonic polarization qubits via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The system we consider is a tripod-shaped four-level atomic system working under the condition of a double EIT, by which the storage and retrieval of a single-photon polarization qubit are implemented through the switching off and on of a control laser field, and the storage efficiency and the quantum-state fidelity for qubit memory are both calculated. We show that the optimal optical depth for acquiring the maximum efficiency and maximum fidelity of the qubit memory can be obtained simultaneously, which can be further improved by suppressing the optical absorption and dispersion via the choice of the time duration of the input qubit pulse and the amplitude of the control field. We also carry out a calculation on the quantum memory of a single-photon qudit by considering a multipod-shaped atomic-level configuration. The results reported here are useful for understanding the quantum transmission property of slow lights with multiple components and helpful for experimental realizations of high-quality memory of photonic qubits and qudits.