For more than a century, quantum physics has been discovered. But it is only in recent years that quantum computation knows a very important rise. The quantum computer is under construction (IBM just released the first quantum computer in January 2019), and it is a real digital revolution that is coming. We will gradually move from the use of bits to that of qubits. A new computer is being born. So it is also a new way of thinking that emerges, and which is connected to that so well described by Erwin Schrödinger, the father of the famous cat, in his books Mind and Matter, and Physics in our Time [Schrodinger58]. As artists, we can already experiment with new types of procedural creations based on new algorithms. These work with the use of logical gates, on probabilistic elements that are the qubits, and allow to experiment new concepts close to the microscopic reality of our world: the teleportation, the entanglement, the superposition of the states. What give a lot of creative inspiration. We try to propose some innovative experiments based on quantum cellular automata (QCA), and the use of qubits as elements of artistic representation (contained in Bloch spheres). We perform some experimental creations, playing with quantum paradoxes and possibilities, hazards and uncertainties.
For more than a century, quantum physics has been discovered. But it is only in recent years that quantum computation knows a very important rise. The quantum computer is under construction (IBM just released the first quantum computer in January 2019), and it is a real digital revolution that is coming. We will gradually move from the use of bits to that of qubits. A new computer is being born. So it is also a new way of thinking that emerges, and which is connected to that so well described by Erwin Schrödinger, the father of the famous cat, in his books Mind and Matter, and Physics in our Time [Schrodinger58]. As artists, we can already experiment with new types of procedural creations based on new algorithms. These work with the use of logical gates, on probabilistic elements that are the qubits, and allow to experiment new concepts close to the microscopic reality of our world: the teleportation, the entanglement, the superposition of the states. What give a lot of creative inspiration. We try to propose some innovative experiments based on quantum cellular automata (QCA), and the use of qubits as elements of artistic representation (contained in Bloch spheres). We perform some experimental creations, playing with quantum paradoxes and possibilities, hazards and uncertainties.
Art is often a question of representation. And representation of life is at the heart of artistic creation. If one dives into very small size scales (beyond the famous Planck constant), we can work on the representation of life at the atomic scale. As everyone knows, at this scale, it is not the principles of classical physics that apply, but those of quantum mechanics. If one is interested in living in this type of dimension, he is faced with a population of protons, photons, electrons and other particles, which form a strange ecosystem, and whose quantum behavior is difficult to understand. The behavior of the elementary particles of our life defies our usual sense of space and time. Also, these particles form a living world in a higher number of dimensions. There are at least four dimensions, and probably more. [1]. As a digital and generative artist, it is quite exciting to be interested in this type of representation, and the use of a computer helps us in this way. Quantum Computers are not yet available, but many simulation tools exist and allow us to make quantum calculations that are no longer based on the classic use of bits, but are instead based on qubits.
The use of quantum computing in the creation of art is proving to be very interesting since it allows both the exploration of digital work using new algorithms and of artistic creation based on new concepts. These new algorithms mainly rely on the use of qubits instead of bits to perform simple or complex operations, which are applied to the components of digital works: namely the pixels in an image, the frames of an animation, the vertices of a 3D object, the words of a text or the notes of a musical score. This article reviews the use of quantum algorithms, using various examples and particularly the new methods being applied in computer graphics.
Quantum computing has emerged as one of the most transformative technological developments of the twenty-first century. By exploiting the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics—namely superposition, entanglement, and measurement—quantum computers offer the potential to address problems that are beyond the practical reach of classical computing systems. As the field advances from theoretical exploration to real-world implementation, the demand for clear, structured, and comprehensive educational resources continues to grow. This book presents a systematic and accessible introduction to quantum computing, beginning with the essential concepts of classical information and computation and progressively advancing toward modern quantum algorithms and communication protocols. The initial chapters establish a strong foundation in classical bits, logic gates, Boolean algebra, reversible logic, and computational complexity, providing the conceptual bridge necessary to understand quantum computation. The discussion then moves to the quantum bit (qubit), examining its behavior through superposition, measurement, Bloch sphere representation, and physical realization. Special emphasis is placed on linear algebra as the mathematical framework underpinning quantum computing. Through this approach, readers are guided to develop an intuitive yet rigorous understanding of quantum states, quantum gates, and circuit-based computation. The text further extends these ideas to multi-qubit systems, quantum entanglement, universal gate sets, and quantum error correction, integrating theoretical principles with practical insights. To support experiential learning, the book incorporates hands-on exposure to leading quantum programming platforms, including IBM Quantum, OpenQASM, and Qiskit. These sections connect theory with practice, enabling readers to design, simulate, and execute quantum circuits on both simulators and real quantum hardware. Subsequent chapters explore key quantum communication protocols such as superdense coding, quantum teleportation, and quantum key distribution, followed by an in-depth treatment of foundational quantum algorithms including Deutsch–Jozsa, Grover’s search, Simon’s algorithm, and Shor’s factoring algorithm. This text is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students, research scholars, and industry professionals seeking a coherent and structured pathway into quantum computing. No prior knowledge of quantum mechanics is assumed, although familiarity with linear algebra and classical computation will enhance comprehension. Each chapter is carefully organized to promote conceptual clarity, supported by illustrative examples, circuit diagrams, and concise summaries. Beyond explaining the principles and mechanisms of quantum computation, this book aims to inspire readers to engage with the future of the field—whether through academic research, industrial application, or interdisciplinary innovation. As quantum technologies continue to evolve, it is hoped that this text will serve as a dependable guide and a meaningful entry point into the quantum era.
Quantum computing is an emerging field at the intersection of physics, computer science, and mathematics, aiming to revolutionize how we process information. Unlike classical computers, which use bits to represent data as 0s or 1s, quantum computers use quantum bits , or qubits . These qubits can exist in a state of 0, 1, or both simultaneously, thanks to a quantum property called superposition . Another key principle, entanglement , allows qubits to be linked in such a way that the state of one instantly influences the state of another, regardless of distance. These phenomena enable quantum computers to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than classical machines. Tasks like factoring large numbers, simulating molecular structures, or searching databases could become dramatically more efficient with quantum algorithms such as Shor’s and Grover’s. Quantum computing is still in its early stages, facing challenges like qubit stability, error correction, and hardware scalability. However, breakthroughs are accelerating, with companies and researchers worldwide racing to develop practical quantum processors. As quantum computers continue to evolve, they hold the potential to transform industries ranging from cryptography and pharmaceuticals to artificial intelligence and logistics, marking the beginning of a new computational era.
Quantum computing has emerged as one of the most transformative technological developments of the twenty-first century. By exploiting the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics—namely superposition, entanglement, and measurement—quantum computers offer the potential to address problems that are beyond the practical reach of classical computing systems. As the field advances from theoretical exploration to real-world implementation, the demand for clear, structured, and comprehensive educational resources continues to grow. This book presents a systematic and accessible introduction to quantum computing, beginning with the essential concepts of classical information and computation and progressively advancing toward modern quantum algorithms and communication protocols. The initial chapters establish a strong foundation in classical bits, logic gates, Boolean algebra, reversible logic, and computational complexity, providing the conceptual bridge necessary to understand quantum computation. The discussion then moves to the quantum bit (qubit), examining its behavior through superposition, measurement, Bloch sphere representation, and physical realization. Special emphasis is placed on linear algebra as the mathematical framework underpinning quantum computing. Through this approach, readers are guided to develop an intuitive yet rigorous understanding of quantum states, quantum gates, and circuit-based computation. The text further extends these ideas to multi-qubit systems, quantum entanglement, universal gate sets, and quantum error correction, integrating theoretical principles with practical insights. To support experiential learning, the book incorporates hands-on exposure to leading quantum programming platforms, including IBM Quantum, OpenQASM, and Qiskit. These sections connect theory with practice, enabling readers to design, simulate, and execute quantum circuits on both simulators and real quantum hardware. Subsequent chapters explore key quantum communication protocols such as superdense coding, quantum teleportation, and quantum key distribution, followed by an in-depth treatment of foundational quantum algorithms including Deutsch–Jozsa, Grover’s search, Simon’s algorithm, and Shor’s factoring algorithm. This text is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students, research scholars, and industry professionals seeking a coherent and structured pathway into quantum computing. No prior knowledge of quantum mechanics is assumed, although familiarity with linear algebra and classical computation will enhance comprehension. Each chapter is carefully organized to promote conceptual clarity, supported by illustrative examples, circuit diagrams, and concise summaries. Beyond explaining the principles and mechanisms of quantum computation, this book aims to inspire readers to engage with the future of the field—whether through academic research, industrial application, or interdisciplinary innovation. As quantum technologies continue to evolve, it is hoped that this text will serve as a dependable guide and a meaningful entry point into the quantum era.
There are signs that we are approaching a technical revolution that might take humankind’s computational capabilities to a new level. Quantum Computing leverages the principles of quantum mechanics, enabling the computational power to solve specific problems currently intractable for classical computers (e.g., cracking cryptographic keys). Since we are getting to a point where we can no longer build smaller, more powerful, more efficient devices with conventional methodologies, we need to think of new ways for technological progress. The manufacturing of microchips is reaching its limits in the use of traditional architectures. Hence, new and more advanced technologies need to address the challenges of increasing energy consumption and data processing. Connectivity, scalable architectures and concepts like Cloud Computing and Software-as-a-Service have already helped to scale computational-intense applications in the last years and have attracted the interest of IS researchers (e.g., Benlian et al. 2009 ; Benlian et al. 2018 ; Messerschmidt and Hinz 2013 ). Looking ahead to the next generation, computing will comprise technologies that enable high-performance applications far beyond today’s possibilities. One prominent example with a disruptive potential is Quantum Computing. While there are abundant open questions and directions for further developments, researchers in this area have made substantial progress in the last decade, indicating that, after medical imaging, lasers, and superconductors, another quantum-technological innovation might be approaching. We, therefore, intend to provide an overview of the current state of Quantum Computing research and outline how this new technology might stimulate research in Information Systems.