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International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)

Constructions of Girth-Eight QC-LDPC Codes with Dual-Diagonal Structure Based on GCD Framework

Guohua Zhang, Haiyang Liu, Mengjuan Lou, Yi Fang

Published Nov 2, 2023• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel class of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is explicitly proposed without 4-cycles and 6-cycles via the greatest-common-divisor (GCD) framework. From the new codes, a novel type of girth-eight QC-LDPC codes with a dual-diagonal (DD) structure is presented, in which the single undetermined entry in the associated exponent matrix can be determined by simple formulae. The proposed DD codes have similar or better performance compared with DD codes obtained from computer search. Moreover, a lower bound on circulant sizes which guarantees the existence of qualified undetermined entries is also provided.

DOI
10.1109/wcsp58612.2023.10405132

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IEEE Transactions on Communications•Feb 25, 2019•22 citations
A novel class of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is explicitly proposed without 4-cycles and 6-cycles via the greatest-common-divisor (GCD) framework. From the new codes, a novel type of girth-eight QC-LDPC codes with a dual-diagonal (DD) structure is presented, in which the single undetermined entry in the associated exponent matrix can be determined by simple formulae. The proposed DD codes have similar or better performance compared with DD codes obtained from computer search. Moreover, a lower bound on circulant sizes which guarantees the existence of qualified undetermined entries is also provided.
A novel class of dual-diagonal (DD) quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with girth eight is proposed. For the exponent matrix of such a DD-QC-LDPC code, the left sub-matrix is explicitly generated via new formulae which are motivated by a search algorithm based on the greatest-common-divisor (GCD) framework and a new strategy allowing negative coefficients. The right sub-matrix (DD matrix) is designed by modifying the existing DD matrix while preserving the simple encoding property directly through the parity-check matrix. Performance simulations indicate that the proposed DD-QC-LDPC codes significantly outperform several existing counterparts with or without DD structure. Unlike existing formulae which involve only non-negative coefficients, the new formulae motivated by proposed search algorithm allow for negative coefficients, which lead to significantly improved lower bounds on circulant sizes for column weights from five to seven. As a result, the new DD-QC-LDPC codes not only enable simple encoding and low description complexity, but also possess consecutive and reasonably small circulant sizes, flexible sizes for exponent matrices as well as good decoding performance.
For any column weight J and any row weight L, a novel framework is proposed such that a girth-eight (J,L) quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) code with any block length above a lower bound can be constructed via a simple inequality in terms of greatest common divisor (GCD). The main advantage is that the construction of a class of (J,L) girth-eight QC-LDPC codes is transformed into a rather simple task, searching for J integers satisfying the so-called GCD constraint for L. Combining the new method with masking matrices, a class of type-1 QC-LDPC codes is presented with girth at least eight. Simulation results show that the type-1 codes perform better than the random QC-LDPC codes and quadratic-congruence-based QC-LDPC codes for moderate block lengths and low code rates.
A construction method for girth‐eight quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check codes (QC‐LDPCs) with low encoding complexity is proposed in this study. To avoid short cycles and further improve the performance of the authors proposed codes, the greatest common divisor (GCD)‐based method is utilised to construct the information part with girth‐eight of the parity‐check matrix with systematic form. Furthermore, the quasi‐dual‐diagonal structure is adopted as the parity part of the parity‐check matrix for fast encoding, which not only maintains the parity‐check matrix with girth‐eight, but also efficiently decreases the encoding complexity of their proposed codes. Simulation results show that their proposed codes perform better than Mackay's codes and the QC‐LDPCs constructed by the GCD‐based method, and have comparable performance compared with progressive edge growth based QC‐LDPCs. Besides, their proposed codes have lower encoding complexity due to the property of fast encoding.
Small cycles in spatially coupled low-density paritycheck (SC-LDPC) codes have a detrimental effect on the error floor. Recently, an explicit simple method has been proposed to construct a class of 4-cycle free SC-LDPC codes by partitioning a spreading matrix into a number of component matrices. Using a quasi-cyclic (QC) lifting, we propose a component matrices construction method to obtain QC-SC-LDPC codes with a girth eight in this paper. The component matrices of the new method are completely defined by a spreading matrix and an exponent matrix. The spreading matrix is constructed from a finite sequence of integers, and the exponent matrix is constructed from the greatest common divisor (GCD) framework. The novel construction method demonstrates the capacity to entirely eliminate 6-cycles. Compared to the recently proposed explicit structural design, the proposed code achieves a girth of eight and exhibits better bit-error rate (BER) performance.
In order to construct girth-8 quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with low encoding complexity, this paper introduces structural shaping techniques to generate QC-LDPC codes with two different structures. These two structures are QC-LDPC codes constructed with vertical symmetric structure and reverse structure without 4-cycles and 6-cycles. Novel constructions assume that the structures of the parity check matrix (PCM) are symmetric and reverse, respectively, and the greedy exhaustive search algorithm is used to find the exponent matrix with the smallest possible size P of the circulant permutation matrix (CPM). Due to its symmetrical and reverse structural characteristics, the representation of the new codes is more compact than other codes. The simulation results show that the proposed codes have certain competitiveness compared to existing QC-LDPC codes.
In this paper, we consider the constructions of type-II quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with girth eight from a Sidon sequence. We first derive the necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing a girth-eight type-II QC-LDPC code. By combining these conditions with the concept of the Sidon sequence, three classes of type-II QC-LDPC codes are subsequently proposed with girth eight. To the best of our knowledge, the second and the third classes we proposed are the first series of systematic and algebraic constructions for the girth-eight type-II QC-LDPC codes that have rates being greater than a half and, at the same time, have distance upper bounds being not limited to 12. Via simulations, we show the promising performance of the proposed type-II QC-LDPC codes with girth eight. In addition, a set of general bounds and explicit/random constructions without using a Sidon sequence are also presented for the type-II QC-LDPC codes with girth six or eight. We observe that the proposed codes perform better than or equally well as the random QC-LDPC codes from PEG and quadr.-congr. methods, while the novel codes possess both highly structured parity-check matrices and very flexible choices in circulant size.