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Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Open quantum channel stabilization for twin-field quantum key distribution

Lai Zhou, Jinping Lin, Yumang Jing, Zhiliang L. Yuan

Published Mar 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We develop a novel technique to stabilize an open channel without using frequency dissemination for twin-field quantum key distribution. A versatile setup is demonstrated at a distance of 615.6 km, achieving the repeater-like behaviour.
DOI
10.23919/ofc49934.2023.10116954

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Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) has rapidly risen as the most viable solution to long-distance secure fibre communication thanks to its fundamentally repeater-like rate-loss scaling. However, its implementation complexity, if not successfully addressed, could impede or even prevent its advance into real-world. To satisfy its requirement for twin-field coherence, all present setups adopted essentially a gigantic, resource-inefficient interferometer structure that lacks scalability that mature QKD systems provide with simplex quantum links. Here we introduce a technique that can stabilise an open channel without using a closed interferometer and has general applicability to phase-sensitive quantum communications. Using locally generated frequency combs to establish mutual coherence, we develop a simple and versatile TF-QKD setup that does not need service fibre and can operate over links of 100 km asymmetry. We confirm the setup's repeater-like behaviour and obtain a finite-size rate of 0.32 bit/s at a distance of 615.6 km.
Nowadays, a technological challenge is to integrate quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols in already present telecommunication fiber networks. Twin-field QKD is one of the most promising techniques on long distances, but requires stabilizing the optical length of the communication channels between parties. Adapting interferometry techniques derived from frequency metrology, we developed a solution for the simultaneous key sharing and channel length control, and we demonstrated it on a 206 km field-deployed fiber with 65 dB loss. Our method reduces the quantum-bit-error-rate contributed by channel length variations to <1%, representing an effective solution for real-world quantum communications.
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Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) fundamentally alters the rate-distance relationship of QKD, offering the scaling of a single-node quantum repeater. Although recent experiments have demonstrated the new opportunities for secure long-distance communications allowed by TF-QKD, formidable challenges remain to unlock its true potential. Here, we introduce a novel wavelength-multiplexed stabilisation scheme that overcomes past limitations and can be adapted to other phase-sensitive single-photon applications. In our work, we develop a setup that provides key rates over a record fibre distance of 605 km and increases the secure key rate at long distances by two orders of magnitude to values of practical significance.