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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Suppression of wave-particle duality in multiple slit experiments

Eugen Pavel

Published Jan 16, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we investigated a five-slit diffraction experiment with multiple photons and a quantum confinement effect (QCE) image sensor. Two types of diffracted photons were identified: (i) Type I with particle behavior and (ii) Type II with wave behavior. Type I and Type II diffracted photons have been characterized. The research showed new aspects of the breakdown of the diffraction limit by the QCE. Our results reveal the potential for new applications in optics and nanotechnologies.

DOI
10.1364/josab.508083

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In this paper, we investigated a five-slit diffraction experiment with multiple photons and a quantum confinement effect (QCE) image sensor. Two types of diffracted photons were identified: (i) Type I with particle behavior and (ii) Type II with wave behavior. Type I and Type II diffracted photons have been characterized. The research showed new aspects of the breakdown of the diffraction limit by the QCE. Our results reveal the potential for new applications in optics and nanotechnologies.
The particle nature of the photons was experimentally confirmed. The static straight line diffraction pattern of the normal grating experiments has been shown experimentally. The phenomenon of the dynamic curved diffraction pattern of the grating experiment have been shown in separate experiments. In this article, the new experiments are proposed and performed, which show that the particle nature of the photons, the static straight line diffraction patterns, and the dynamic curved, expanded and inclined diffraction patterns co-exist in the same grating experiment simultaneously. The novel phenomena make the Feynman's mystery of the normal double slit experiment more mysterious, violate Bohr's complementarity principle, and provide comprehensive information/data for studying the wave-particle duality and developing new theoretical model.
Abstract The particle nature of the photons was experimentally confirmed. The static straight line diffraction pattern of the normal grating experiments has been shown experimentally. The phenomenon of the dynamic curved diffraction pattern of the grating experiment have been shown in separate experiments. In this article, the new experiments are proposed and performed, which show that the particle nature of the photons, the static straight line diffraction patterns, and the dynamic curved, expanded and inclined diffraction patterns co-exist in the same grating experiment simultaneously. The novel phenomena make the Feynman’s mystery of the normal double slit experiment more mysterious, violate Bohr’s complementarity principle, and provide comprehensive information/data for studying the wave-particle duality and developing new theoretical model. The double-slit experiment still has much to offer.
We experimentally show novel phenomena: (1) in the same double slit or cross double slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-interference and gradually evolve to the interference patterns near/on the screen; (2) in the same single slit or cross single slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-diffraction and gradually evolve to the diffraction patterns near/on the screen; (3) in the same non-parallel-two-slits experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-diffraction and gradually evolve to the diffraction-interference-hybrid patterns; (4) the diffraction-interference-hybrid patterns depend on the angle between two slits. Those novel phenomena: (1) challenge the conventional light wave interpretations of the physical optics, the electromagnetic wave and the quantum probability waves, namely, those interpretations are incomplete; (2) challenging Bohr’s complementarity principle and the wave-particle duality; (3) suggest that it is the photon-photon interaction, instead of the wave-wave interference, that produces the phenomena. To interpret consistently above phenomena is the challenge and demands new theory.
Today, the nature of light is accounted for by one of the jewels of physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED), the fundamental theory of light and matter. Yet owing to its infinite complexity, scientists still debate how its central concept, the photon, can be reconciled with the perceived existence of light waves, emerging 200 years ago in the wake of Young's double slit diffraction experiment. Ever since, the phenomenon of diffraction has been viewed to embody the wave nature of light, leading to the schizophrenic wave-particle duality. The latter does not exist in QED which is photon based without the existence of waves. Here we introduce the new paradigm that diffraction images directly reflect the fundamental quantum states of light. This is revealed by analysis of the evolution of modern versions of Young's experiment performed with differently modified laser light and photon-based detection. In conventional quantum mechanics, corresponding to first order QED, the fundamental photon nature of light remains hidden since different quantum states produce only two basic types of diffraction patterns that may also be explained by coherent and incoherent wave superposition. The true photon based substructure of light is shown to clearly emerge through characteristic diffraction images in second order QED. The degeneracy of the first order images is lifted, the wave-particle equivalence breaks down, and the patterns directly reveal the true quantum substructure of light. This allows the replacement of the conventional concept of wave coherence by a precise order-dependent degree of coherence that quantifies the interference and diffraction behavior of all quantum states of light.