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Physica Scripta

Correlated noise enhances performance of joint remote state preparation in quantum multi-hop network

Zhihua Zhang, H. X. Zhang, Beining Shen, Zhipeng Qiu

Published Jan 15, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Joint remote state preparation (JRSP for short) can increase the security of quantum communication by distributing different parts of classical information to different senders. However, the communication efficiency in terms of fidelity decreases with the increase of intermediate nodes in multi-hop network. In this paper, we try to explore methods to improve fidelity of JRSP in multi-hop network presented by Zhang and Chen in 2023 Phys. Scr. 98 065107. Specifically, correlated Pauli noise with partial memory was introduced into the shared channel. We find that the fidelity increases with the increase of memory parameters, which compensates for the loss of fidelity caused by the increase of network nodes.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ad1ea9

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Abstract Joint remote state preparation (JRSP for short) can increase the security of quantum communication by distributing different parts of classical information to different senders. However, the communication efficiency in terms of fidelity decreases with the increase of intermediate nodes in multi-hop network. In this paper, we try to explore methods to improve fidelity of JRSP in multi-hop network presented by Zhang and Chen in 2023 Phys. Scr. 98 065107. Specifically, correlated Pauli noise with partial memory was introduced into the shared channel. We find that the fidelity increases with the increase of memory parameters, which compensates for the loss of fidelity caused by the increase of network nodes.
Abstract Joint remote state preparation (JRSP for short) can reduce the risk brought by one dishonest sender in remote state preparation. Unlike previous protocols that focused on JRSP under memoryless noise channels, in this paper, we study the performance of a deterministic joint remote state preparation scheme under two successive uses of Pauli channels with memory. We give general formulas quantifying the fidelity under the correlated Pauli channels. Specifically, we find that the performance of the protocol is enhanced in the correlated Pauli channel with partial memory. It means that the memory in this kind of noise channels can improve the communication efficiency of JRSP definitely.
Quantum noise severely affects the security and reliability of quantum communication system. In this paper, we study the effect of quantum noise on quantum multiparty communication protocols. Taking a two-qubit joint remote state preparation (JRSP) scheme as an example, we point out that there are some calculation mistakes in a former JRSP scheme [X.W. Guan, X.B. Chen, L.C. Wang and Y.X. Yang, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53(4) (2014) 2236.]. The revised output states and fidelities in two types of noise are presented, respectively. More importantly, we present a more general form for describing the effect of noise on multi-qubit system, which is fit for the case where different types of noise act on the system consecutively. The process of the JRSP scheme in two types of noise is discussed, respectively. It is shown that the noisy effect in the general case is much stronger than the former one for the most part. Our study will be helpful for analyzing the effect of quantum noise on quantum multiparty communication system.
Abstract Joint remote state preparation is an important method to transmit quantum information with more senders and higher security. In this paper, we present a deterministic joint remote state preparation scheme in multi-hop network with two senders and N intermediate parties, using only projective measurements and recovery operations. We describe the scheme under the framework of density matrix to investigate the performance of the scheme in noisy environment. The relation of fidelity, noise rate and the number of intermediate nodes is given for three types of noise. It is revealed that the average fidelity attains its minimum when the noise rate is at the most uncertain point, decreases monotonically as the number of intermediate nodes increases. However, in some special cases, the average fidelity of the multi-hop scheme is greater than some existing one step joint remote state preparation scheme.
Abstract Joint remote state preparation (JRSP) has gained much attention since its first appearance. However, almost all the proposals have focused on the JRSP of pure states. In this paper, we present a scheme of JRSP for mixed states via the three-qubit GHZ state. The scheme is deterministic for real coefficient mixed states and probabilistic for complex ones. The corresponding quantum circuits are given for the deterministic JRSP schemes. The model of the deterministic JRSP scheme is introduced in the language of density operators. Furthermore, we investigate the efficiency of deterministic JRSP when some qubits in the protocol are subjected to a noisy environment. Four types of noise usually encountered in quantum communication are considered, i.e. the bit-flip, phase-flip (phase-damping), depolarizing and amplitude-damping noise. We find that the fidelity is affected by both coefficients of the target mixed state and noise parameter of the channel. Specifically, the fidelity decreases with the purity parameter in the presence of noise.
In this paper, the technique of weak measurement is employed in order to enhance the fidelity of joint remote state preparation (JRSP) protocol under decoherence. We design a quantum circuit of joint remote preparation of a single-qubit state through a GHZ state. Then, we analytically derive the average fidelity of the JRSP protocol under four types of noise usually encountered in real-world implementations of quantum communication protocols, i.e. the phase-flip, depolarizing, amplitude-damping and bit-flip noise. Our study shows that the application of weak measurement and measurement reversal could enhance the average fidelity of the JRSP process under the influence of phase-flip, depolarizing, amplitude-damping noise for most values of the decoherence parameters. If the JRSP process suffers from the bit-flip noise, the weak measurement technique is not useful for increasing the average fidelity.
Quantum secure communication provides a new way for protecting the security of information. As an important component of quantum secure communication, remote state preparation (RSP) can securely transmit a quantum state from a sender to a remote receiver. The existence of quantum noise severely affects the security and reliability of quantum communication system. In this paper, we study the method for improving the efficiency of joint RSP (JRSP) subjected to noise with the help of weak measurement and its reversal measurement. Taking a GHZ based deterministic JRSP as an example, we utilize the technique of weak measurement and its reversal to suppress the effect of the amplitude-damping noise firstly. Our study shows that the fidelity of the output state can be improved in the amplitude-damping noise. We also study the effect of weak measurement and its reversal in other three types of noise usually encountered in real-world, namely, the bit-flip, phase-flip (phase-damping) and depolarizing noise. Our results show that the weak measurement has no effect for suppressing the bit-flip and phase-flip (phase-damping) noise, while has slight effect for suppressing the depolarizing noise. Our study is suitable for JRSP and RSP, and will be helpful for improving the efficiency of multiparticle entanglement based quantum secure communication in real implementation.