The quantum mechanics interpretation has no general agreement in the scientific community and all the attempts in some way challenged our reason and logic. In 2021 a novel interpretation considers that space can be in oscillation between the observable 3D and the 4 th dimension (Ct). This ephemeral situation out of 3D gives a unique understanding of quantum mechanics phenomena preserving the proven quantum math. With this theory of space, philosophy in quantum mechanics gets reasonability and logic in the description of the known quantum effects providing additionally a new vision of the physical 4D universe. Issue such as the law of noncontradiction, the law of large numbers, the certainty principle, realism, the Loschmidt paradox, locality and causality, free will, the whole is greater than the parts, etc. are treated in this paper. The alternance with the 4 th dimension provides realism and locality; Einstein´s search for completeness.
The quantum mechanics interpretation has no general agreement in the scientific community and all the attempts in some way challenged our reason and logic. In 2021 a novel interpretation considers that space can be in oscillation between the observable 3D and the 4 th dimension (Ct). This ephemeral situation out of 3D gives a unique understanding of quantum mechanics phenomena preserving the proven quantum math. With this theory of space, philosophy in quantum mechanics gets reasonability and logic in the description of the known quantum effects providing additionally a new vision of the physical 4D universe. Issue such as the law of noncontradiction, the law of large numbers, the certainty principle, realism, the Loschmidt paradox, locality and causality, free will, the whole is greater than the parts, etc. are treated in this paper. The alternance with the 4 th dimension provides realism and locality; Einstein´s search for completeness.
Einstein´s pursuit for completeness can be achieved with a novel interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. The theory of space [1] presented in 2021 accomplishes the actual math with less philosophical contradictions. The famous equation of E = mC² and angular momentum S is deduced from the dynamics of a fluctuation between 3D and the 4 th dimension. Some historical evolution of quantum mechanics is given combined with an analysis of how this novel theory interprets nature at the quantum level.Issues such as waveparticle duality, collapse, energy in Qantas, tunnel effect, causality at a distance of entangled particles, superposition of exclusive solutions, entropy, the arrow of time, etc. are seen in this paper.Its proposal for a conclusive experiment is also analyzed [2] hoping that in 2025, the one-hundredth anniversary of the formalism of quantum mechanics, will achieve a satisfactory interpretation.
We present a historical-epistemological analysis of the foundations of quantum mechanics, highlighting the relationships between quantum mechanics and scientific realism, as well as the influence of the neo-positivist philosophy of the first decades of the 20th century. The great significance of the measurement process in the context of quantum mechanics is underlined as an essential element in providing a coherent description of reality, moving from micro to macrocosm, as well as the role that the measurement apparatus and the consciousness of the observer assume during the act of measurement, the related ontological problems, the question of the objectification of the wave function, and that of the definition of discernibility. We consider also an overview of the most important alternative proposals to the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics (Copenhagen interpretation), with particular reference to hidden variable theories and other alternatives to standard quantum mechanics philosophical approach, that are modifying the vision of reality, such as the Everett’s many-worlds theory, the QBism and unified holistic approaches, such as the Primordial Dynamic Space.
This paper introduces a framework to the novel Theory of Space that seeks to unify quantum mechanics and special relativity by redefining the fourth dimension as an energy-dependent longitudinal parameter. The theory posits that quantum systems oscillate between observable three-dimensional (3D) space and the energetic fourth dimension ?p = C?, where ? = h/E is Planck?s periodic time. It offers a new explanation for quantum superposition, the measurement problem, and entanglement through random 3D projections from a 4D superposition, thus removing the necessity for observer-induced collapse theories or many-worlds interpretations. It resolves the wave particle duality by treating quantum oscillating space and compact entities (e.g., mass particles or pulsed fields) as coexisting. The Bell?s inequality violations are addressed via a fourth-dimensional locality during the oscillation, preserving 3D causality of entangled particles. The model also reinterprets relativistic effects as scale changes driven by energy and proposes a gravitational mechanism via an inward space flow proportional to energy content. A testable prediction is provided through a photon tunneling experiment, demonstrating sinusoidal probability variations. Additional prediction for no time dilation during free fall body?s is made. This framework offers a unified, realistic, and local description of quantum and relativistic phenomena, with implications for future experimental validation.
This work presents a historical-epistemological analysis of the foundations of quantum mechanics. From a philosophical point of view, the relationships between quantum mechanics and scientific realism are highlighted, as well as the influence of the neo-positivist philosophy of the first decades of the 20th century. The great significance of measurement in the context of quantum mechanics is underlined, as an essential element in providing a coherent description of reality moving from the microcosm to the macrocosm, as well as the role that the measurement apparatus and the consciousness of the observer assume during the act of measurement, the ontological problem, the problem of the objectification of the wave function and the problem of the definition of discernibility. This is followed by an overview of the most important alternative proposals to the standard interpretation (Copenhagen interpretation), with particular reference to hidden variable theories, and other alternatives to standard quantum mechanics that profoundly modify the vision of reality, such as the Everett’s many-worlds theory, the QBism, the unified holistic approach.
ABSTRACT The paper aims to bridge the history of quantum theory with its philosophical implications. The focus is not only on the scientific underpinnings of quantum mechanics (these theories emerged as ‘ad hoc’ responses to experimental anomalies) but also on the philosophical ramifications of its probabilistic nature and indeterminacy, which differ from classical realism. The paper examines Dirac's, Bell's, and modern views, focusing on how quantum mechanics (QM) challenges traditional notions of causality, objectivity, and truth while embracing epistemological and metaphysical perspectives. Debates over collapse theories and hidden variables are discussed, as well as Putnam's philosophical outlook, which includes his trenchant involvement with realism, logic, and the measurement problem. Finally, the paper proposes that QM represents a philosophical revolution that renews our understanding of reality, knowledge, and scientific explanation, rather than simply serving as a physical theory for assessing the prospects of quantum philosophy by connecting it to broader aspects such as relativity, causality, and scientific realism.
This article presents a general discussion of several aspects of our present understanding of quantum mechanics. The emphasis is put on the very special correlations that this theory makes possible: They are forbidden by very general arguments based on realism and local causality. In fact, these correlations are completely impossible in any circumstance, except for very special situations designed by physicists especially to observe these purely quantum effects. Another general point that is emphasized is the necessity for the theory to predict the emergence of a single result in a single realization of an experiment. For this purpose, orthodox quantum mechanics introduces a special postulate: the reduction of the state vector, which comes in addition to the Schrödinger evolution postulate. Nevertheless, the presence in parallel of two evolution processes of the same object (the state vector) may be a potential source for conflicts; various attitudes that are possible to avoid this problem are discussed in this text. After a brief historical introduction, recalling how the very special status of the state vector has emerged in quantum mechanics, various conceptual difficulties are introduced and discussed. The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) theorem is presented with the help of a botanical parable, in a way that emphasizes how deeply the EPR reasoning is rooted into what is often called “scientific method.” In another section the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger argument, the Hardy impossibilities, as well as the Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem are introduced in simple terms. The final two sections attempt to give a summary of the present situation: One section discusses nonlocality and entanglement as we see it presently, with brief mention of recent experiments; the last section contains a (nonexhaustive) list of various attitudes that are found among physicists, and that are helpful to alleviate the conceptual difficulties of quantum mechanics.