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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Quantum optical control experiment using Mach–Zehnder interferometer and twisted nematic liquid crystals

Akira Terazawa, Satoshi Yokotsuka, Hiroyuki Okada

Published Jan 1, 2024• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A Mach–Zehnder interferometer with an optical phase control by a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal (LC) device was studied. In a typical TN LC device, a change in the optical rotation state of π/2 can be obtained by applying a voltage of about 5 V with a cell thickness of several-micron. The TN cell is inserted into one optical path in the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. We obtained a pattern change when voltage was applied to the LC cell due to the change of the optical interference state. As a result, a change in the number of photons under weak light conditions is observed.

DOI
10.35848/1347-4065/ad16be

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Abstract A Mach–Zehnder interferometer with an optical phase control by a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal (LC) device was studied. In a typical TN LC device, a change in the optical rotation state of π/2 can be obtained by applying a voltage of about 5 V with a cell thickness of several-micron. The TN cell is inserted into one optical path in the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. We obtained a pattern change when voltage was applied to the LC cell due to the change of the optical interference state. As a result, a change in the number of photons under weak light conditions is observed.
We review recent research in various types of optical quantum computing using liquid crystal (LC) devices. First, we have investigated Young's Interference experiment using self-aligned LC devices and a logical “NOT” operation is achieved. Second, numerical quantization of interfering small photons using a LC retarder is investigated. Third, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an optical phase control by a twisted nematic (TN) LC device was studied. Fourth, 4-bit optical path linear quantum computation using Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with the LC device as a linear optical element was investigated.
We review recent research in various types of optical quantum computing using liquid crystal devices. First, we have investigated Young’s Interference experiment using self-aligned liquid crystal (LC) devices and a logical “NOT” operation is achieved. Second, numerical quantization of interfering small photons using an LC retarder is investigated. Third, a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with an optical phase control by a twisted nematic (TN) LC device was studied. Fourth, a basic experiment on 2-bit quantum calculations related to the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm on a linear optical quantum computer using the LC device as a linear optical element was investigated.
Abstract A basic experiment on 2-bit quantum calculations related to the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm on a linear optical quantum computer using a liquid crystal (LC) device as a linear optical element was investigated. By controlling the phase of each of the two split laser beams and checking the number of photons at the output, it is possible to determine if the input bits are “not equal” or “not uniform.” The phase of the laser light was controlled using an LC device and a half-wave plate, and changes in the interference state of the output light and the number of photons were observed. The voltage application to the LC device is set at the input bit. As a result, the interference state changed according to the input bit, and changes in the number of photons were observed.
Variation in extremely-weak photon counts with changing gate time was investigated using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and a liquid crystal (LC) device. The number of photon counts per unit time of measurement was miniaturized, and changes in the discrete counts were observed by changing the gate time. In addition, changing the voltage applied to the LC device confirmed that the average photon count in the extremely weak light state can be treated statistically and changes according to the Poisson distribution. This indicates that the photons flew independently. This phenomenon is considered a promising simple variable photon light source for Boson sampling.
Four-bit input linear quantum computing with liquid crystal (LC) devices was studied using the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm. A laser beam is split into four paths and passed through a configuration of twisted nematic (TN) LC device/(λ/2 waveplate)/TN LC device for computation. In order to minimize the effect of photon loss in the light path, a 4 × 4 matrix analysis was done for optimization. We fabricated a prototype for four optical-path linear quantum computing. As a result, we obtained changes in the number of photons counting according to Deutsch–Jozsa’s algorithm under the extremely weak light state.