Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Chinese Optics Letters

Ultrabroadband second-harmonic generation via spatiotemporal-coupled phase matching

Yudong Tao, Wentao Zhu, Yanfang Zhang, Jingui Ma, Jing Wang, Peng Yuan, Hao Zhang, Heyuan Zhu, Liejia Qian

Published Jan 1, 2024• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a spatially chirped quasi-phase-matching (QPM) scheme that enables ultrabroadband second-harmonic-generation (SHG) by using a fan-out QPM grating to frequency-convert a spatially chirped fundamental wave.A "zerodispersion" 4f system maps the spectral contents of ultrabroadband fundamental onto different spatial coordinates in the Fourier plane, where the fundamental is quasi-monochromatic locally in picosecond duration, fundamentally canceling high-order phase mismatch.A fan-out QPM grating characterized by a linear variation of the poling period along the transverse direction exactly supports the QPM of the spatially chirped beam.We theoretically demonstrate the SHG of an 810-nm, 12.1-fs pulse into a 405-nm, 10.2-fs pulse with a conversion efficiency of 77%.

DOI
10.3788/col202422.011901

Related papers

Efficient and broadband fourth-harmonic generation in quasi-phase-matched crystals

Yu Zhang, Yasong Chen, Xuening Wang +3 more

We propose an adiabatic scheme for cascaded fourth-harmonic generation (FHG) in chirped dual-period quasi-phase-matched (QPM) crystals, where adiabatic evolution is introduced into the multi-step frequency conversion process. By engineering two chirped QPM gratings for the fundamental-to-second-harmonic ( FF → SH ) and second-to-fourth-harmonic ( SH → FH ) interactions, efficient harmonic generation is achieved through a continuous adiabatic passage in phase-mismatch space, rather than discrete phase-matching conditions in conventional QPM schemes. This approach enables robust and tunable energy transfer among harmonics, allowing controllable generation of second- and fourth-harmonic signals. Numerical results show a maximum FHG efficiency of 94% and a tunable bandwidth of ∼13 nm under realistic conditions. The tunability originates from the controlled shift of QPM resonances along the propagation direction.

Optics Express•Jun 15, 2026•0 citations

Second-harmonic pulse shaping with engineered quasi-phase-matching gratings in the strongly depleted pump regime

Usman K. Sapaev, Gaetano Assanto

In this paper, a powerful approach for arbitrary pulse shaping based on SHG is discussed in engineered quasi phase matching in the case of strong pump depletion. We used a simulated-annealing algorithm (SAA), numerically solving the coupled-wave equations for fundamental and second harmonic (SH) pulses, taking into account both group velocity mismatch and group velocity dispersion. In order to reduce the SAA iteration time and increase computing speed, we employed simple fast Fourier transform and fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithms. To design a QPM grating for the generation of an arbitrary target SH pulse, we start the SAA with an initial guess for a fixed number of integration domains and a given fundamental wave pulse.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 1, 2007•0 citations

Flattop Broadband Wavelength Conversion Based on Cascaded Second-Harmonic Generation and Difference Frequency Generation in Step-Segmented Quasi-Phase Matched Gratings

Hai Dong Wu, Jin Song Guo, Yun Wen Wu +1 more

Bandwidth enhancement and response flattening of wavelength conversion based on single-pass and double-pass cascaded second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation in step-segmented quasi-phase matched (QPM) gratings are investigated. For the same waveguide length, high conversion efficiency, flat response and broad signal bandwidth can be obtained simultaneously by optimizing the poling period of the step-segmented QPM structure. The conversion bandwidths in a 3-cm-long five-step-segmented waveguide are 134 nm for single-pass scheme and 132 nm for the double-pass one, respectively, which are both over the whole conventional band and long-wavelength band. The ripple on the matching response can keeps less than 0.2 dB as well.

Advanced materials research•Jul 1, 2014•0 citations

Pulse shaping by difference-frequency mixing with quasi-phase-matching gratings

Gennady Imeshev, M. M. Fejer, Almantas Galvanauskas +1 more

We present a theory of ultrashort-pulse difference-frequency generation (DFG) with quasi-phase-matching (QPM) gratings in the undepleted-pump, unamplified-signal approximation. In the special case of a cw (or quasi-cw) pump, the spectrum of the generated idler is related to the spectrum of the signal through a transfer-function relation that is valid for arbitrary dispersion in the medium. The engineerability of this QPM-DFG transfer function establishes the basis for arbitrary pulse shaping. Experimentally we demonstrate QPM-DFG devices operating in a frequency-degenerate type II configuration and producing pulse-shaped output at 1550 nm from 220-fs pulses at 1550 nm.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 1, 2001•54 citations

Flat broadband wavelength conversion based on cascaded second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation in segmented quasi-phase matched gratings

Tao Liu, Yulin Qi, Linlin Che +3 more

Bandwidth enhancement and response flattening of wavelength conversion based on single-pass and double-pass cascaded second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation were investigated in segmented quasi-phase matched (QPM) gratings. It is shown that the signal and pump bandwidths are both efficiently widened by increasing the segment number of the QPM grating and optimising the poling period of each segment. The ripple on the matching response is also very small. The conversion bandwidth in a 3-cm-long three-segment waveguide reaches 150–160 nm, which is over the whole conventional band and long-wavelength band. Larger signal bandwidth can be obtained with a little response flatness penalty and conversion efficiency penalty, which can be compensated by increasing the input pump power. Compared with a sinusoidally chirped optical superlattice device, a wavelength converter based on the segmented gratings has higher conversion efficiency, broader bandwidth and better pump-wavelength tolerance, and is easier to fabricate in practice.

Journal of Modern Optics•Feb 2, 2012•6 citations

Comparison of cascaded χ2 wavelength conversions in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) waveguides

Bo Chen, Chang‐Qing Xu

Cascaded second-order nonlinear interaction (&chi(2));based wavelength conversion technique has attracted much attention due to its unique characteristics such as low noise and broadband, which are critical in fiber communication networks. In this report, wavelength conversions based on the newly proposed SFG-DFG (sum frequency generation - difference frequency generation) and conventional SHG-DFG (second harmonic generation - difference frequency generation) are studied and compared both experimentally and theoretically in a LiNbO3 quasi-phase matched (QPM) waveguide. It is shown that the same conversion efficiency can be achieved by employing two pump sources with only half power each (P1, P2) in the SFG-DFG scheme as compared with the SHG-DFG scheme with a single higher power pump beam (P=P1+P2). It is shown that the cascaded SFG-DFG based wavelength conversion has a larger 3-dB pump tolerance bandwidth. The theoretical results are consistent well with the experimental ones. It is found that the pump wavelength difference can be separated by a span as large as 75 nm, while 3-dB signal conversion efficiency is retained in a 45 mm-long device. It is also exhibited that tolerance of temperature for the cascaded SFG-DFG remains the same as that of the cascaded SHG-DFG based devices. The results show that the SFG-DFG wavelength conversion scheme is very attractive for practical applications.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 16, 2004•0 citations
We propose a spatially chirped quasi-phase-matching (QPM) scheme that enables ultrabroadband second-harmonic-generation (SHG) by using a fan-out QPM grating to frequency-convert a spatially chirped fundamental wave.A "zerodispersion" 4f system maps the spectral contents of ultrabroadband fundamental onto different spatial coordinates in the Fourier plane, where the fundamental is quasi-monochromatic locally in picosecond duration, fundamentally canceling high-order phase mismatch.A fan-out QPM grating characterized by a linear variation of the poling period along the transverse direction exactly supports the QPM of the spatially chirped beam.We theoretically demonstrate the SHG of an 810-nm, 12.1-fs pulse into a 405-nm, 10.2-fs pulse with a conversion efficiency of 77%.
We propose an adiabatic scheme for cascaded fourth-harmonic generation (FHG) in chirped dual-period quasi-phase-matched (QPM) crystals, where adiabatic evolution is introduced into the multi-step frequency conversion process. By engineering two chirped QPM gratings for the fundamental-to-second-harmonic ( FF → SH ) and second-to-fourth-harmonic ( SH → FH ) interactions, efficient harmonic generation is achieved through a continuous adiabatic passage in phase-mismatch space, rather than discrete phase-matching conditions in conventional QPM schemes. This approach enables robust and tunable energy transfer among harmonics, allowing controllable generation of second- and fourth-harmonic signals. Numerical results show a maximum FHG efficiency of 94% and a tunable bandwidth of ∼13 nm under realistic conditions. The tunability originates from the controlled shift of QPM resonances along the propagation direction.
In this paper, a powerful approach for arbitrary pulse shaping based on SHG is discussed in engineered quasi phase matching in the case of strong pump depletion. We used a simulated-annealing algorithm (SAA), numerically solving the coupled-wave equations for fundamental and second harmonic (SH) pulses, taking into account both group velocity mismatch and group velocity dispersion. In order to reduce the SAA iteration time and increase computing speed, we employed simple fast Fourier transform and fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithms. To design a QPM grating for the generation of an arbitrary target SH pulse, we start the SAA with an initial guess for a fixed number of integration domains and a given fundamental wave pulse.
Bandwidth enhancement and response flattening of wavelength conversion based on single-pass and double-pass cascaded second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation in step-segmented quasi-phase matched (QPM) gratings are investigated. For the same waveguide length, high conversion efficiency, flat response and broad signal bandwidth can be obtained simultaneously by optimizing the poling period of the step-segmented QPM structure. The conversion bandwidths in a 3-cm-long five-step-segmented waveguide are 134 nm for single-pass scheme and 132 nm for the double-pass one, respectively, which are both over the whole conventional band and long-wavelength band. The ripple on the matching response can keeps less than 0.2 dB as well.
We present a theory of ultrashort-pulse difference-frequency generation (DFG) with quasi-phase-matching (QPM) gratings in the undepleted-pump, unamplified-signal approximation. In the special case of a cw (or quasi-cw) pump, the spectrum of the generated idler is related to the spectrum of the signal through a transfer-function relation that is valid for arbitrary dispersion in the medium. The engineerability of this QPM-DFG transfer function establishes the basis for arbitrary pulse shaping. Experimentally we demonstrate QPM-DFG devices operating in a frequency-degenerate type II configuration and producing pulse-shaped output at 1550 nm from 220-fs pulses at 1550 nm.
Bandwidth enhancement and response flattening of wavelength conversion based on single-pass and double-pass cascaded second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation were investigated in segmented quasi-phase matched (QPM) gratings. It is shown that the signal and pump bandwidths are both efficiently widened by increasing the segment number of the QPM grating and optimising the poling period of each segment. The ripple on the matching response is also very small. The conversion bandwidth in a 3-cm-long three-segment waveguide reaches 150–160 nm, which is over the whole conventional band and long-wavelength band. Larger signal bandwidth can be obtained with a little response flatness penalty and conversion efficiency penalty, which can be compensated by increasing the input pump power. Compared with a sinusoidally chirped optical superlattice device, a wavelength converter based on the segmented gratings has higher conversion efficiency, broader bandwidth and better pump-wavelength tolerance, and is easier to fabricate in practice.
Cascaded second-order nonlinear interaction (&chi(2));based wavelength conversion technique has attracted much attention due to its unique characteristics such as low noise and broadband, which are critical in fiber communication networks. In this report, wavelength conversions based on the newly proposed SFG-DFG (sum frequency generation - difference frequency generation) and conventional SHG-DFG (second harmonic generation - difference frequency generation) are studied and compared both experimentally and theoretically in a LiNbO3 quasi-phase matched (QPM) waveguide. It is shown that the same conversion efficiency can be achieved by employing two pump sources with only half power each (P1, P2) in the SFG-DFG scheme as compared with the SHG-DFG scheme with a single higher power pump beam (P=P1+P2). It is shown that the cascaded SFG-DFG based wavelength conversion has a larger 3-dB pump tolerance bandwidth. The theoretical results are consistent well with the experimental ones. It is found that the pump wavelength difference can be separated by a span as large as 75 nm, while 3-dB signal conversion efficiency is retained in a 45 mm-long device. It is also exhibited that tolerance of temperature for the cascaded SFG-DFG remains the same as that of the cascaded SHG-DFG based devices. The results show that the SFG-DFG wavelength conversion scheme is very attractive for practical applications.