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Journal of the Spectroscopical Society of Japan

報文

貴洋 西口, 愛子 高峰, 純 東出, 由宏 水谷, はるか 前田

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed nondispersing wave packets which are excited in Li Rydberg atoms.The wave packets are driven by a weak, linearly polarized microwave pulse, frequency of which is near resonant to one of Rydberg transitions in Li atoms with the principal quantum number n ranging from 71 to 80.These wave packets are found to be survived even in a non-resonant microwave ˆeld, intensity of which is comparable to that of the driving microwave ˆeld.

DOI
10.5111/bunkou.61.3_89

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We have observed nondispersing wave packets which are excited in Li Rydberg atoms.The wave packets are driven by a weak, linearly polarized microwave pulse, frequency of which is near resonant to one of Rydberg transitions in Li atoms with the principal quantum number n ranging from 71 to 80.These wave packets are found to be survived even in a non-resonant microwave ˆeld, intensity of which is comparable to that of the driving microwave ˆeld.
Long-lived, nondispersing circular, or Bohr, wave packets are produced starting from Li Rydberg atoms by exposing them first to a linearly polarized microwave field at the orbital frequency, 17.6 GHz at principal quantum number n=72, which locks the electron's motion into an approximately linear orbit in which the electron oscillates in phase with the microwave field. The microwave polarization is changed to circular polarization slowly compared to the orbital frequency, and the electron's motion follows, resulting in a nondispersing Bohr wave packet.
It is possible to make nondispersing Bohr wave packets in a straightforward way starting from Li Rydberg atoms in an np eigenstate[2]. These atoms are first exposed to a linearly polarized microwave field at the orbital frequency, 17.6GHz at n = 72. The linearly polarized field phase locks the electron wave packet to the microwave phase, making a nondispersing wave packet in which the electron oscillates in a highly eccentric, approximately linear orbit. We detect the phase locked motion of the electron with a 1/2ps half-cycle pulse synchronized with the microwave field. Slowly changing the microwave polarization from linear to circular polarization creates a nondispersing Bohr wave packet that survives for thousands of orbits.
Nondispersive electronic Rydberg wave packets may be created in atoms illuminated by a microwave field of circular polarization. We discuss the spontaneous emission from such states, and show that the elastic incoherent component (occurring at the frequency of the driving field) dominates the spectrum in the semiclassical limit, contrary to earlier predictions. We calculate the frequencies of single-photon emissions and the associated rates in the ``harmonic approximation,'' i.e., when the wave packet has approximately a Gaussian shape. The results agree well with exact quantum-mechanical calculations, which validates the analytical approach.
When atoms are exposed to intense laser or microwave pulses, $\ensuremath{\sim}10%$ of the atoms are found in Rydberg states subsequent to the pulse, even if it is far more intense than required for static field ionization. The optical spectra of the surviving Li atoms in the presence of a 38-GHz microwave field suggest how atoms survive an intense pulse. The spectra exhibit a periodic train of peaks 38 GHz apart. One peak is just below the limit, and with a 90-V/cm field amplitude the train extends from 300 GHz above the limit to 3000 GHz below it. The spectra and quantum-mechanical calculations imply that the atoms survive in quasistable states in which the Rydberg electron is in a weakly bound orbit infrequently returning to the ionic core during the intense pulse.