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International Conference on Telecommunication Systems, Services, and Applications

Design and Implementation of a Transmitter for Quantum Communication Based on Faint Pulse Laser

Muhammad Naufal Arira, Joko Suryana

Published Oct 12, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The advent of quantum computers marks the beginning of the quantum 2.0 era. Unlike classical computers, quantum computers have faster and more efficient computational abilities, enabling them to break classical encryption such as the RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adlemar) algorithm in a matter of minutes. To address this threat, a quantum communication system is required, which possesses quantum properties as well. The urgency of developing an independent and autonomous quantum communication system is crucial for a country. In this research, a transmitter for quantum communication based on faint pulse laser is developed. A weakened laser diode is used as the photon source. The laser diode weakening is achieved using a laser driver that generates short-duration pulse signals. By combining AND and XOR logic gates in such a way that when given a square wave input, the output of the logic gate system can produce short-duration pulses. The information in this communication system consists of randomly implemented keys, realized using the myRIO board and serving as a subsystem for random port selection. The designed laser driver produces pulse signals with a width of 128 nanoseconds and an amplitude of 1.5168 V. Additionally, the random port selection subsystem has been successfully designed using the myRIO board. Random numbers from ‘0’ to ‘3’ are generated uniformly. From 100 observation samples, an expected value of 1.445 and a variance of 0.911 are obtained. In the subsequent research, observations of single photon and the generated keys will be conducted.

DOI
10.1109/tssa59948.2023.10366900

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Among various implementations of single-photon sources, faint-pulse single-photon sources provide a simple and practical approach based on attenuated coherent laser pulses. This work presents an experimental realization of a faint-pulse single-photon source using a 785-nm Grating Stabilized Laser Diode system, driven by a laser diode controller and modulated by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The system's performance was evaluated by analyzing the photon detection rate as a function of pulse width and driving current. Results indicated a linear relationship between the single-photon detection rate and pulse width and an exponential dependence on driving current. The system achieved a photon emission probability of 10% per pulse, aligning with the requirements of practical quantum key distribution systems. This implementation demonstrates a cost-effective, scalable, and accessible platform for single-photon experiments, providing a foundation for future implementations of quantum communication protocols.
Abstract A simple short-pulse generator circuit based on electronic gates is designed for short electric pulse of about 12 ns at Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and 3.6 Volt amplitude for driving a laser diode. Using our circuit with a 780 nm laser diode designed and fabricated for producing short light pulses. The circuit utilizes an AND gate, a XOR gate, and a common function generator, provides a repetition rate from DC up to 1 MHz. The laser pulses were generated and then detected via an avalanche photodiodes (APD). This finding can benefit the field of light-based quantum information including single photon experiments.
Single photon source is indispensable for realization of photon based quantum communication technologies such as quantum key distribution (QKD). Weak coherent pulse source is a practical, efficient and robust solution to generate stream of single photons, probabilistically. In this paper, a methodology for design and development of weak coherent pulse (WCP) source with high count rate of upto 10 Mcps is proposed and implemented. The generation of optical pulses with narrow pulse width and repetition rate of up to 100 MHz is achieved by developing a miniaturized pulse laser module. The weak coherent pulses are generated by heavily attenuating the laser pulses so as to reach the mean photon no. per pulse, μ, close to 0.1. WCP source performance in terms of mean photon number, second order coherence and photon count rate is also investigated. The measured g(2)[0] of ~0.98 shows that the developed WCP source has a very good quality.
We have realized the first demonstration of "relativistic" quantum cryptography, using both faint laser pulses and entangled photons. By incorporating an optical delay cavity, Bob is able to measure every photon from Alice in the correct basis, leading to enhanced key rates, as well as some security advantages. We have also implemented our proposal for a high-speed quantum random number generator, in which the arrival time of a detected photon is used to generate -8 random bits per photon. Our system produced cryptographically secure bits at over 4 Mbits/s, with a clear path toward even higher rates. In addition, we solved a number of technical problems to produce 99%-fidelity polarization-entangled pairs from a diode-laser pumped source. Extending our previous implementation of remote state preparation, we have incorporated hyperentanglement to successfully remotely prepare entangled states. Finally, we studied the use of hyperentangled photons as a resource for improved quantum dense coding. Although our experimental verification is still in progress, we identified the theoretically optimal configuration, and compared hyperentangled and multi-pair encoding.