Wave-Particle Duality of Matter

Marius Borneas

Constantinos Ragazas

The wave-particle duality of photons, as hypothesized by Einstein, was well accepted by the early 1920's. De Broglie's bold hypothesis in 1924, that all matter likewise has a wave-particle duality added further fuel to the fire in the development of Quantum Mechanics. It seared into the minds of physicists the wave-particle duality of Nature. Needless to say, this counter intuitive and bold assertion mystified the World beyond any sensible comprehension by common sense. The question often asked by ordinary people is what is the matter with de Broglie waves? We provide just this answer and demystify this 'matter' in this short paper.

Himanshu Chauhan, Swati Rawal, Ravindra Kumar Sinha

The proposed paper presents the unobserved inadequacies in de Broglie's concepts of wave-particle duality and matter waves in the year 1923. The commonly admitted quantum energy or frequency expression hν=γmc2 is shown to be inappropriate for matter waves and is acceptable only for photons. The superluminal phase velocity expression c2/\u{psion}, for matter waves, is investigated in detail and is also reported to be inadequate. The rectifications in the inadequate concepts of de Broglie's theory and refinements in the analogy implementation between light waves and matter waves are presented, which provides the modified frequency and phase velocity expression for matter waves. Mathematical proofs for the proposed modified frequency and phase velocity expression are also presented. In accordance with the proposed concepts, a wave-particle duality picture is presented which elucidates the questions coupled with the wave-particle duality, existing in the literature. Consequently, particle type nature is shown to be a characteristic of waves only, independent from the presence of matter. The modifications introduced in the frequency expression for matter waves leads to variation in the wave function expression for a freely moving particle and its energy operators, with appropriate justifications. A new relation between the Kinetic energy and Momentum of the moving body is proposed and is subsequently applied to introduce novel General and Relativistic Quantum Mechanical Wave Equations. Applications of these equations in bound state quantum mechanical systems provide the information regarding particle's general and relativistic behavior in such systems. Moreover, the proposed wave equations can also be transformed into Schrödinger's and Dirac's equations. The interrelation of Schrödinger's, Dirac's and proposed equations with the universal wave equation is also presented.

F. Selleri

Alois Matorevhu

The development of the quantum theory has been on -going for many years.The wave -particle duality has been and is central to debates among physicists, in their endeavor to understand and bring more insight about the quantum theory.In this paper attempts by physicists to clarify the wave -particle duality are discussed.The wave or particle or both state of matter is analyzed, followed by discussion on the criticisms on de Broglie equation.Lastly, the paper concludes that debates on the wave -particle duality will continue since there is no consensus yet among physicists, and that experimental evidence should be given to substantiate claims.