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Physical Review A

Managing rogue quantum amplitudes: A possible control in quantum walks

A. R. C. Buarque, Ernesto P. Raposo

Published Dec 7, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the emergence of rogue quantum amplitudes in discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) influenced by phase disorder. Our study reveals the statistics of occupation probability amplitudes in space and time, uncovering optimal disorder regimes that favor rogue wave events. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the probability of rogue waves increases with quantum coins close to the Pauli-$Z$ choice, regardless of the disorder degree. Conversely, for coins near the Pauli-$X$ choice, rogue events are scarce, except under weak disorder. A monotonic threshold is observed between rare and high-probability rogue wave regimes, depending on the quantum coin. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the coin-disorder interplay in regard to rogue wave events. Our findings shed light on the possible control of extreme quantum amplitudes through quantum coins in disordered DTQWs.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.108.062206

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We investigate the emergence of rogue quantum amplitudes in discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) influenced by phase disorder. Our study reveals the statistics of occupation probability amplitudes in space and time, uncovering optimal disorder regimes that favor rogue wave events. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the probability of rogue waves increases with quantum coins close to the Pauli-ZZZ choice, regardless of the disorder degree. Conversely, for coins near the Pauli-XXX choice, rogue events are scarce, except under weak disorder. A monotonic threshold is observed between rare and high-probability rogue wave regimes, depending on the quantum coin. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the coin-disorder interplay in regard to rogue wave events. Our findings shed light on the possible control of extreme quantum amplitudes through quantum coins in disordered DTQWs.
We investigate the emergence of rogue quantum amplitudes in discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) influenced by phase disorder. Our study reveals the statistics of occupation probability amplitudes in space and time, uncovering optimal disorder regimes that favor rogue wave events. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the probability of rogue waves increases with quantum coins close to the Pauli-Z choice, regardless the disorder degree. Conversely, for coins near Pauli-X rogue events are scarce, except under weak disorder. A monotonic threshold is observed between rare- and high-probability rogue wave regimes, depending on the quantum coin. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the coin-disorder interplay to rogue wave events. Our findings shed light on the possible control of extreme quantum amplitudes through quantum coins in disordered DTQWs.
Rogue waves are rapid and unpredictable events of exceptional amplitude reported in various fields, such as oceanography and optics, with much of the interest being targeted towards their physical origins and likelihood of occurrence. Here, we use the all-round framework of discrete-time quantum walks to study the onset of those events due to a random phase modulation, unveiling its long-tailed statistics, survival time, and dependence upon the degree of randomness. We find the minimal disorder strength allowing for their occurrence to scale $\ensuremath{\propto}{N}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}, N$ being the number of sites. Moreover, an extreme-value analysis converges to the Gumbel class of limiting distributions.
Abstract In this study, we investigate the emergence of the quantum boomerang effect in discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) subjected to random phase disorder. Our analysis shows that this effect can arise solely from the bias induced by the coin degree of freedom of the DTQW, without requiring external bias or asymmetry. We explore the evolution of the mean position of the quantum walker, denoted as X‾(t)\overline{X}(t)X(t) X ¯ ( t ) , under various initial conditions of the walker and quantum coin operators. The results indicate a significant dependence of the observed phenomena on the choice of initial state, enabling the selective induction of the quantum boomerang effect in both or only one portion of the wavepacket associated with specific internal states. By varying the quantum coin parameter θ\theta θ θ , we find that the maximum mean position follows a power-law decay near the Pauli-Z coin, characterized by XMax∼θ−2X_{\text {Max}} \sim \theta ^{-2}XMax​∼θ−2 X Max ∼ θ - 2 . Additionally, we identify a scaling behavior XMax∼W−2X_{\text {Max}} \sim W^{-2}XMax​∼W−2 X Max ∼ W - 2 , which is consistent with the localization length observed in disordered quantum systems.
Quantum Walk (QW) has very different transport properties to its classical counterpart due to interference effects. Here we study the discrete-time quantum walk (DTQW) with on-site static/dynamic phase disorder following either binary or uniform distribution in both one and two dimensions. For one dimension, we consider the Hadamard coin; for two dimensions, we consider either a 2-level Hadamard coin (Hadamard walk) or a 4-level Grover coin (Grover walk) for the rotation in coin-space. We study the transport properties e.g. inverse participation ratio (IPR) and the standard deviation of the density function (σ) as well as the coin-position entanglement entropy (EE), due to the two types of phase disorders and the two types of coins. Our numerical simulations show that the dimensionality, the type of coins, and whether the disorder is static or dynamic play a pivotal role and lead to interesting behaviors of the DTQW. The distribution of the phase disorder has very minor effects on the quantum walk.
We investigate the evolution dynamics of inhomogeneous discrete-time one-dimensional quantum walks displaying long-range correlations in both space and time. The associated quantum coin operators of internal states are built to exhibit random inhomogeneity distribution of long-range correlations embedded in the time evolution protocol through a fractional Brownian motion with spectrum following a power-law behavior, S(k)∼1/k^{ν}. From extensive numerical simulations with averages over a large number of independent realizations of the phases of quantum coins, the power-law correlated disorder encoded in the coin phases is shown to give rise to a wide variety of spreading patterns of the qubit states, from localized to subdiffusive, diffusive, and superdiffusive (including ballistic) behavior, depending on the relative strength of the parameters driving the correlation degree. Dispersion control is possible in one-dimensional discrete-time quantum walks by tuning the long-range correlation properties assigned to the inhomogeneous quantum coin operator.
Discrete time quantum walks (DTQWs) are nontrivial generalizations of random walks with a broad scope of applications. In particular, they can be used as computational primitives, and they are suitable tools for simulating other quantum systems. DTQWs usually spread ballistically due to their quantumness. In some cases, however, they can remain localized at their initial state (trapping). The trapping and other fundamental properties of DTQWs are determined by the choice of the coin operator. We introduce and analyze a type of walks driven by a coin class leading to strong trapping, complementing the known list of walks. This class of walks exhibits a number of exciting properties with possible applications ranging from light pulse trapping in a medium to topological effects and quantum search.