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Forward Secure Sequential Aggregate Signature Schemes on Lattice

HU Yupu XIE Jia

Published Sep 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The forward secure sequential aggregate (Fss-Agg) signature has the advantages of forward secure signature and the sequential aggregate signature at the same time. Since its proposal in 2007, it has been widely applied in many application scenarios, such as logging systems, e-business, e-government, blockchain, etc. Although there have been several Fss-Agg signature schemes, all of them are based on the classic number theory problem, which are no longer secure in the quantum era when the general quantum computers become reality. So looking for the quantum-immune Fss-Agg signature is much urgent. In this paper, the definition of Fss-Agg signature scheme is described, and the forward security and the existential unforgeability under the chosen message attack are combined to define the existential unforgeability of Fss-Agg signature aganist chosen message attack. Based on the small integer solution assumption on lattice, using the pre-image sampling and the lattice basis delegation techniques, the quantum-immune Fss-Agg signature is proposed, which is the first lattice-based Fss-Agg signature scheme. It is proven to be correct, forward secure and existentially unforgeable in the random oracle model.

DOI
10.3778/j.issn.1673-9418.2102004

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The forward secure sequential aggregate (Fss-Agg) signature has the advantages of forward secure signature and the sequential aggregate signature at the same time. Since its proposal in 2007, it has been widely applied in many application scenarios, such as logging systems, e-business, e-government, blockchain, etc. Although there have been several Fss-Agg signature schemes, all of them are based on the classic number theory problem, which are no longer secure in the quantum era when the general quantum computers become reality. So looking for the quantum-immune Fss-Agg signature is much urgent. In this paper, the definition of Fss-Agg signature scheme is described, and the forward security and the existential unforgeability under the chosen message attack are combined to define the existential unforgeability of Fss-Agg signature aganist chosen message attack. Based on the small integer solution assumption on lattice, using the pre-image sampling and the lattice basis delegation techniques, the quantum-immune Fss-Agg signature is proposed, which is the first lattice-based Fss-Agg signature scheme. It is proven to be correct, forward secure and existentially unforgeable in the random oracle model.
In the forward secure sequential aggregate (FssAgg) signature scheme, the signer combines signatures generated in different intervals under different secret keys incrementally and sequentially in a layered “onion-like” fashion with the first signature innermost in the aggregate. In contrast with general (not forward-secure) aggregate signature schemes which aggregate signatures from multiple signers, a FssAgg signature scheme aggregates signatures of a single signer not the signatures of different signers, so the verifier uses a single public key to verify the entire aggregate. With the advantages of forward secure signature and the aggregate signature at the same time, the FssAgg signature scheme has been widely applied in logging systems and blockchain since it was proposed in 2007. Although there have been several FssAgg signature schemes, all of them are based on the classic number theory problem, which are no longer secure in the quantum era. So looking for the quantum-immune FssAgg signature is much urgent. Based on the small integer solution over lattice, a FssAgg signature in the standard model is proposed. In order to improve the efficiency, this paper uses the fixed-dimensional lattice basis delegation technique to update the keys, and the forward security is achieved. This paper uses the message addition technique and the pre-image sampling technique to embed the message and the small integer solution into the signature process, and the existentially unforgeability of the scheme is also guranteed in the standard model.
In the Forward Secure Ordered Aggregation (FssAgg) signature system, the signer gradually and orderly aggregates the signatures under different keys in different periods into one signature in a hierarchical “onion-like” manner. Among them, the innermost signature is the first signature. In addition, compared with ordinarily ordered aggregate signatures, forward secure requested aggregate signatures are the aggregation of different signatures of the same signer rather than the signatures of additional signers so that the signature verifier can use public key complete verification of all aggregation processes. The forward-safe ordered aggregate signature has the advantages of both forward-secure signature and aggregate signature. It has been widely used in many application scenarios, such as log systems and blockchains. Several existing forward-safe ordered aggregate signatures are based on traditional number theory problems, which will no longer be problematic in the post-quantum era. Therefore, finding a forward-safe requested aggregate signature in the quantum computing environment is imminent. Based on the small integer solution problem on the lattice, a forward-secure lattice-based rated aggregate signature scheme under the standard model is constructed. To achieve high efficiency, the system uses fixed-dimensional lattice-based delegation technology to realize critical updates and achieve forward security; then, the message to be signed and the difficulty problem on the lattice are respectively embedded into the signature using message addition technology and preimage sampling algorithm, making the signature unforgeable under the standard model.
Having the advantages of certificateless signature and the aggregate signature at the same time, certificateless aggregate signature has been widely applied in e-business, e-government and software security since it was proposed in 2007. Although a number of certificateless aggregate signature schemes have been proposed, all of them are based on the classic number theory problem, which are no longer secure in the quantum era. In this paper, a certificateless sequential aggregate signature over number theory research unit lattice is proposed, which is proven to be secure in random oracle model. Moreover, we extend the new scheme into an efficient certificatebased sequential aggregate signature which is also secure in quantum era.
The security of digital signatures depends significantly on the signature key. Therefore, to reduce the impact of leaked keys upon existing signatures and subsequent ones, a digital signature scheme with strong forward security could be an effective solution. Most existing strong forward-secure digital signature schemes rely on traditional cryptosystems, which cannot effectively resist quantum attacks. By introducing lattice-based delegation technology into the key-iteration process, a two-direction and lattice-based key-iteration algorithm with strong forward security is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, a unique key pair is assigned to the signer in every period. Based on the proposed algorithm, a strong forward-secure signature scheme is further put forward, which achieves resistance to quantum attacks. Performance analysis shows that under the security assumption of the SIS problem on the lattice, the proposed strong forward-secure signature scheme is existentially unforgeable under the random oracle model. Ultimately, based on the proposed strong forward-secure signature scheme, a remote identity-authentication scheme that is resistant to quantum attacks is proposed, ensuring post-quantum security in the user-authentication process.
The existing lattice-based signcryption schemes are based on trapdoor generation algorithm and preimage sample algorithm. However, both algorithms are complex, require a lot of time to run, and affect the efficiency of latticed-based signcryption schemes deeply. To solve this problem, the first lattice-based signcryption scheme without trapdoor generation algorithm and preimage sample algorithm is proposed, with the help of the technique of lattice signatures without trapdoors and the associated signature compression technique, as well as the encryption method based on the learning with errors assumption. The scheme achieves indistinguishability against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks under the learning with errors assumption. It also achieves existential unforgeability against adaptive chosen message attacks under the small integer solution assumption. The proposed scheme is not only quantum resistant, but also efficient.
By using trapdoor functions with preimage sampling,lattice's growth,and lattice basis randomization in the bonsai tree,a lattice-based proxy signature scheme was proposed.The security of the proxy signature is based on the hardness of average-case SIS(Small Integer Solution) and ISIS(Inhomogeneous Small Integer Solution).It is also existential unforgeability under adaptive chosen-message attack in the random oracle.Compared with the schemes based on factoring or discrete log,the public and secret keys of our scheme are larger,but it requires only linear operation on small integers.