To achieve innovations in the era of the Innovative Optical and Wireless Network (IOWN), for example, predicting the future by Digital Twin Computing, a computing infrastructure that supports ultrahigh-speed and ultra-large-scale computing is needed.This need has led to a growing interest in quantum computers, which execute operations in a completely different way than conventional computers.NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories is engaged in both (i) theoretical research to create system architectures that maximize the capabilities of quantum computers and (ii) development of system and software technology for practical applications of quantum computers.
To achieve innovations in the era of the Innovative Optical and Wireless Network (IOWN), for example, predicting the future by Digital Twin Computing, a computing infrastructure that supports ultrahigh-speed and ultra-large-scale computing is needed.This need has led to a growing interest in quantum computers, which execute operations in a completely different way than conventional computers.NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories is engaged in both (i) theoretical research to create system architectures that maximize the capabilities of quantum computers and (ii) development of system and software technology for practical applications of quantum computers.
There are signs that we are approaching a technical revolution that might take humankind’s computational capabilities to a new level. Quantum Computing leverages the principles of quantum mechanics, enabling the computational power to solve specific problems currently intractable for classical computers (e.g., cracking cryptographic keys). Since we are getting to a point where we can no longer build smaller, more powerful, more efficient devices with conventional methodologies, we need to think of new ways for technological progress. The manufacturing of microchips is reaching its limits in the use of traditional architectures. Hence, new and more advanced technologies need to address the challenges of increasing energy consumption and data processing. Connectivity, scalable architectures and concepts like Cloud Computing and Software-as-a-Service have already helped to scale computational-intense applications in the last years and have attracted the interest of IS researchers (e.g., Benlian et al. 2009 ; Benlian et al. 2018 ; Messerschmidt and Hinz 2013 ). Looking ahead to the next generation, computing will comprise technologies that enable high-performance applications far beyond today’s possibilities. One prominent example with a disruptive potential is Quantum Computing. While there are abundant open questions and directions for further developments, researchers in this area have made substantial progress in the last decade, indicating that, after medical imaging, lasers, and superconductors, another quantum-technological innovation might be approaching. We, therefore, intend to provide an overview of the current state of Quantum Computing research and outline how this new technology might stimulate research in Information Systems.
In the contemporary era of scientific and technical innovations, we are witnessing remarkable progress in the realm of quantum computing. Today’s phase is referred to as the second quantum revolution, characterized by ongoing research and progress in the hardware, software, and applications of quantum computers. While the theoretical foundations of quantum computing have been in place for decades, the practical tools and technologies that have emerged in recent years have catapulted this field from theory into reality. This paper provides a brief overview of the fundamental principles of quantum computing and explores the various technologies that support them. From quantum programming languages and simulators to quantum hardware platforms and software development kits, these tools have paved the way for groundbreaking research, experimentation, and the exploration of quantum’s boundless potential. Furthermore, it addresses the current developments, existing challenges, ongoing improvements, and future prospects in this dynamic field.
Quantum Computing The twenty-first century has witnessed remarkable advancements in computing technologies, transforming every aspect of modern society. As conventional computing systems approach their physical and computational limits, the search for new paradigms capable of solving increasingly complex problems has led to the emergence of Quantum Computing. By harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum computing represents a revolutionary approach that has the potential to redefine computation, communication, and information processing on an unprecedented scale. Quantum Computing is designed to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the concepts, principles, technologies, and applications that form the foundation of this rapidly evolving field. This book aims to bridge the gap between theoretical quantum mechanics and practical computational applications, enabling students, researchers, academicians, and professionals to explore the transformative potential of quantum technologies. The chapters in this book cover a broad spectrum of topics, including the fundamentals of quantum mechanics, quantum bits (qubits), quantum gates, superposition, entanglement, quantum circuits, quantum algorithms, quantum cryptography, quantum communication, and quantum error correction. The book also explores the architecture of quantum computers and examines the challenges involved in building scalable and fault-tolerant quantum systems. As industries increasingly seek innovative solutions to complex computational problems, quantum computing is emerging as a promising technology with applications in cryptography, artificial intelligence, machine learning, optimization, financial modeling, healthcare, pharmaceutical research, materials science, logistics, and climate modeling. The ability of quantum computers to process vast amounts of information simultaneously offers opportunities that were previously beyond the reach of classical computing systems. Special attention has been given to contemporary developments in quantum technologies, including quantum supremacy, hybrid quantum-classical computing, cloud-based quantum platforms, and the growing role of quantum computing in scientific discovery and industrial innovation. The book also discusses ethical, security, and societal implications associated with the advancement of quantum technologies. The primary objective of this book is to equip readers with both foundational knowledge and practical insights into the field of quantum computing. Through a balanced presentation of theory, applications, case studies, and emerging research trends, the book seeks to inspire curiosity, innovation, and further exploration in this transformative domain. We extend our sincere gratitude to the authors, reviewers, researchers, academicians, and industry experts whose valuable contributions have enriched the quality and relevance of this publication. Their dedication and expertise have helped create a resource that reflects the latest developments and future possibilities of quantum computing. We hope that Quantum Computing will serve as a valuable guide for students, educators, researchers, and technology professionals seeking to understand the next frontier of computational science. May this book inspire new ideas, foster innovation, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in one of the most exciting technological revolutions of our time. Mr. M. Rajeshkumar Dr. R. Mariappan Mr. E.Janakiraman,
Quantum computing is poised to revolutionize the world of computation by har nessing the principles of quantum mechanics to solve problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers. Unlike traditional binary computing, which relies on bits that exist as 0s or 1s, quantum computing operates using qubits, which leverage superposition, entanglement, and quantum parallelism to perform computations exponentially faster. This transformative technology has applications in cryptography, artificial intelligence, materials science, and complex system simulations, offering unprecedented computational power. Despite its potential, quantum computing faces significant challenges, including hard ware stability, quantum decoherence, and error correction. Current quantum processors, such as those developed by IBM, Google, and D-Wave, have demonstrated quantum supremacy in specific tasks, but scaling quantum computers to practical levels remains a major hurdle. Ad ditionally, algorithmic development, software frameworks, and integration with existing computing infrastructure are crucial for widespread adoption. This paper explores the fundamentals of quantum computing, its recent breakthroughs, and its future potential in reshaping computational science. The study presents quantitative data on quantum computing investments, research trends, and real-world applications while addressing technical and practical challenges. The findings highlight the need for interdisci plinary collaboration between physicists, computer scientists, and engineers to overcome limi tations and unlock quantum computing’s full potential.
The next-generation communication network driven by optical technology will be achieved in the sixth-generation mobile communication system (6G) of the Innovative Optical and Wireless Network (IOWN) era promoted by NTT.However, a problem of concern here is cryptographic technology.For example, even if optical circuits can be achieved, cryptographic operations in their present form would generate delays or excessive power consumption preventing the advantages of optical technology from being fully used.To solve this problem, NTT is researching technology for replacing the complex processing of cryptographic operations traditionally performed by electronic circuits with optical cryptographic operations.In this article, we talk with NTT Distinguished Researcher Junko Takahashi who devised an "optical-operations technique" supporting the IOWN era and implemented "optical cryptographic circuits."We hear about the present state of research in optical cryptographic technology and the future outlook for this research.