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Optics Express

Multipartite entanglement generation with high-order non-Hermitian exceptional points from dressing-controlled atomic nonlinearity

Yan Jin, Lifan Chen, Zhan Zheng, Jiajia Wei, Yaomin jiang, Wenjing Zhao, Feng Li, Yanpeng Zhang, Yin Cai

Published Nov 13, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Multipartite entanglement has emerged as a valuable quantum resource for constructing large-scale quantum networks. However, the presence of non-Hermitian features induced by natural microscopic quantum systems significantly modifies the overall response of nonlinear parametric processes, thereby enabling direct manipulation of multipartite entanglement properties. In this study, we demonstrate the generation of multimode entanglement through atomic four-wave mixing (FWM) and analyze the properties of exceptional points (EP) under dressing control in non-Hermitian systems. By leveraging dressing-controlled atomic nonlinearity, we achieve versatile EPs and higher-order EPs by carefully tuning the atomic multi-parameter in the cascading FWM system. Additionally, we investigate the entanglement properties of various permutations of the output signal modes using the positive partial transpose (PPT) criterion. Notably, under non-Hermitian control, the application of single-, double-, and N-dressing splits leads to coherent multichannel control and further extends the scale of quantum entanglement. The outcomes of our research offer a novel approach to actively control non-Hermitian quantum phenomena without relying on artificial photonic structures. Furthermore, this paves the way for the realization of complex quantum information tasks by exploiting the non-Hermitian characteristics of the light-matter interaction.

DOI
10.1364/oe.500856

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Multipartite entanglement has emerged as a valuable quantum resource for constructing large-scale quantum networks. However, the presence of non-Hermitian features induced by natural microscopic quantum systems significantly modifies the overall response of nonlinear parametric processes, thereby enabling direct manipulation of multipartite entanglement properties. In this study, we demonstrate the generation of multimode entanglement through atomic four-wave mixing (FWM) and analyze the properties of exceptional points (EP) under dressing control in non-Hermitian systems. By leveraging dressing-controlled atomic nonlinearity, we achieve versatile EPs and higher-order EPs by carefully tuning the atomic multi-parameter in the cascading FWM system. Additionally, we investigate the entanglement properties of various permutations of the output signal modes using the positive partial transpose (PPT) criterion. Notably, under non-Hermitian control, the application of single-, double-, and N-dressing splits leads to coherent multichannel control and further extends the scale of quantum entanglement. The outcomes of our research offer a novel approach to actively control non-Hermitian quantum phenomena without relying on artificial photonic structures. Furthermore, this paves the way for the realization of complex quantum information tasks by exploiting the non-Hermitian characteristics of the light-matter interaction.
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a type of directional quantum correlation that holds immense significance and broad applications in quantum information processing. While EPR steering has been achieved across various physical systems, research into its implementation in non-Hermitian systems remains in its early stages. In this study, we delve into the realm of non-Hermitian control of EPR steering by leveraging atomic coherence-controlled energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (ELC-FWM) processes. We derive analytical expressions for the generation of EPR steering within such non-Hermitian nonlinear systems, demonstrating that exceptional points (EPs) and multimode EPR steering can be realized through introducing dressing-control fields. Furthermore, we illustrate that nonlinear coherent channels and the associated steerability distribution of the output modes can be tailored during the EPR steering generation process, which is directly linked to the eigenvalues of non-Hermitian processes. Additionally, we analyze the impact of loss effects on generated multimode EPR steering. Our findings suggest that non-Hermitian control offers a promising all-optical approach for constructing practical quantum networks.
Multipartite entanglement plays an important role in quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Here, the dressing-energy-level-cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) processes are proposed to generate all-optical controlled multipartite entanglement within a single device. The entanglement characteristics of the produced states of light are characterized by applying the Duan criterion and the positivity under partial transposition criterion. Moreover, by using an internal dressing field to modulate atomic coherence, multiple quantum coherent channels of FWM are simultaneously constructed, which result in a great extension of entanglement mode number and quantum information capacity. We find that the violation of the entanglement criteria inequalities is coherent-channel dependent, and the produced states can be directly modulated via atomic coherence. Our system can integrate the generation and modulation of the entangled states in one process. It may help provide a compact method for realizing large-scale quantum networks.
Multipartite entanglement plays an important role in quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Here, the dressing-energy-level-cascaded (DELC) four-wave mixing (FWM) processes are proposed to generate all-optical controlled multipartite entanglement within a single device. The entanglement characteristics of the produced states of light are characterized by applying the Duan criterion and the positivity under partial transposition criterion. Moreover, by using an internal dressing field to modulate atomic coherence, multiple quantum coherent channels of FWM are simultaneously constructed, which result in a great extension of entanglement mode number and quantum information capacity. We find that the violation of the entanglement criteria inequalities is coherent-channel dependent, and the produced states can be directly modulated via atomic coherence. Our system can integrate the generation and modulation of the entangled states in one process. It may help provide a compact method for realizing large scale quantum networks.
Biphoton process is an essential benchmark for quantum information science and technologies, while great efforts have been made to improve the coherence of the system for better quantum correlations. Nevertheless, we find that the non-Hermitian features induced by the atomic quantum interference could be well employed for the direct control of entanglement. We report the demonstration of exceptional point (EP) in biphotons by measuring the light-atom interaction as a natural non-Hermitian system, in which the electromagnetically induced transparency regime provides a powerful mechanism to precisely tune the non-Hermitian coupling strength. Such biphoton correlation is tuned within an unprecedented large range from Rabi oscillation to antibunching-exponential-decay, also indicating high-dimensional entanglement within the strong and weak light-matter coupling regimes. The EP at the transition point between the two regimes is clearly observed with the biphoton quantum correlation measurements, exhibiting a single exponential decay and manifesting the coalesced single eigenstate. Our results provide a unique method to realize the controllability of natural non-Hermitian processes without the assistance of artificial photonic structures, and paves the way for quantum control by manipulating the non-Hermitian features of the light-matter interaction.
The nonlinear parametric process is of great significance for achieving high-quality coherent optical signals and quantum correlated photons. With the development of classical and quantum information processing, the study of the properties of parametric processes is evolving in complex scenarios of multimode, which is limited in conventional nonlinear media due to strict phase matching, e.g. nonlinear crystals. Here we study the dressing-energy-level-cascaded four-wave mixing process to generate multimode optical parametric signals. Via cascading double-Λ type configuration of 85 Rb D 1 line, the non-degenerate energy-level-cascaded FWM is constructed to generate multimode self-parametric amplification. Moreover, with the dressing effects based on atomic coherence, the spatial and frequency multimode characteristics of energy-level-cascaded FWM parametric amplification, i.e., the modes number and pattern, are actively modulated by the pump fields detuning. Also, the spatial modes from the coupling of two coexisting spontaneous parametric FWMs can be controlled to reach tremendous scalability via the atomic coherence and Kerr non-linearity. The atomic coherence effects and unique phase-matching symmetry nature allow flexible modulation of the multimode property of the generated parametric signals within a nonlinear device, which paves a way for multimode classical and quantum information processing.
In recent years, multi-mode quantum entanglement and quantum squeezing have gained significant research interest. This paper successfully realizes quantitative control over the characteristic of quantum entanglement produced by cascaded parametrically amplified four-wave mixing (PA-FWM) through adjusting the Rabi frequency and dephasing rate of dressing fields, in which PT and anti-PT symmetry breaking, respectively, induce distinct energy-level quantization and generate coherent multi-channels in the atomic transition of the natural non-Hermitian system. Further simulations of the Duan criterion, the PPT criterion, and quantum steering have been implemented to investigate the properties of generated multi-mode entanglement when employing schemes featuring EPR injection and degenerate FWM. The comparison reveals that EPR injection enhances the entanglement of the injected EPR mode while suppressing the entanglement of other modes. Distinctive schemes of degenerate FWM and two pairs of EPR injections would successfully transform two originally separate modes into a pair of entangled modes, exhibiting significant research value in quantum metrology and relevant applications.