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Modern Physics Letters A

Quantifying quantum correlations beyond entanglement via robust photon hopping in an optomechanical system

Y. Lahlou, Bouchra Maroufi, Mohammed Daoud A

Published Nov 8, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum correlations beyond quantum entanglement represent vital resources in quantum information processing as well as in quantum computation. In fact, both quantum entanglement and quantum correlation are the same when the quantum system is described by pure states. However, this is not exactly the case when general mixed states are considered. In order to clarify this, a simple model has been proposed for the production and quantification of these quantum correlations between two mechanical resonators that are macroscopic in two Fabry–Pérot cavities optomechanical coupled by the photon hopping process. In this model, we analyze and investigate the quantification of the quantum correlation beyond the entanglement between the mechanical modes. We determine the global covariance matrix of the model from which we derive the expression of the entropy of formation ([Formula: see text]) as well as the Gaussian quantum discord ([Formula: see text]), which quantify the amount of quantum entanglement and quantum correlations, respectively. The analysis based on these two quantum correlations quantifiers shows that quantum discord is more appropriate to characterize the quantum correlations between the mechanical modes in an optomechanical quantum system in the presence of robust photon hopping.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732323501547

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Quantum correlations beyond quantum entanglement represent vital resources in quantum information processing as well as in quantum computation. In fact, both quantum entanglement and quantum correlation are the same when the quantum system is described by pure states. However, this is not exactly the case when general mixed states are considered. In order to clarify this, a simple model has been proposed for the production and quantification of these quantum correlations between two mechanical resonators that are macroscopic in two Fabry–Pérot cavities optomechanical coupled by the photon hopping process. In this model, we analyze and investigate the quantification of the quantum correlation beyond the entanglement between the mechanical modes. We determine the global covariance matrix of the model from which we derive the expression of the entropy of formation ([Formula: see text]) as well as the Gaussian quantum discord ([Formula: see text]), which quantify the amount of quantum entanglement and quantum correlations, respectively. The analysis based on these two quantum correlations quantifiers shows that quantum discord is more appropriate to characterize the quantum correlations between the mechanical modes in an optomechanical quantum system in the presence of robust photon hopping.
Quantum correlations that surpass entanglement are of great importance in the realms of quantum information processing and quantum computation. Essentially, for quantum systems prepared in pure states, it is difficult to differentiate between quantum entanglement and quantum correlation. Nonetheless, this indistinguishability is no longer holds for mixed states. To contribute to a better understanding of this differentiation, we have explored a simple model for both generating and measuring these quantum correlations. Our study concerns two macroscopic mechanical resonators placed in separate Fabry–Pérot cavities, coupled through the photon hopping process. this system offers a comprehensively way to investigate and quantify quantum correlations beyond entanglement between these mechanical modes. The key ingredient in analyzing quantum correlation in this system is the global covariance matrix. It forms the basis for computing two essential metrics: the logarithmic negativity ( E N m ) and the Gaussian interferometric power ( P G m ). These metrics provide the tools to measure the degree of quantum entanglement and quantum correlations, respectively. Our study reveals that the Gaussian interferometric power ( P G m ) proves to be a more suitable metric for characterizing quantum correlations among the mechanical modes in an optomechanical quantum system, particularly in scenarios featuring resilient photon hopping.
The aim of this paper is to quantify the quantum correlations between mechanical and optical modes in an optomechanical system with two spatially separated Fabry–Pérot cavities. We use logarithmic negativity [Formula: see text] and entanglement of formation (EoF), respectively, to quantify entanglement between optical and mechanical modes, while Gaussian geometric discord (GGD) is used to capture all nonclassical correlations, including entanglement. These quantifiers are evaluated as functions of the physical parameters characterizing the environment and the system (the thermal bath temperature [Formula: see text], the photons number [Formula: see text], the optomechanical cooperativity [Formula: see text], the squeeze parameter [Formula: see text] and the drive pump power [Formula: see text]). By considering recent experimental parameters, we show that GGD is more robust than entanglement for high thermal bath temperature and low optomechanical cooperativity. We also find that these quantifiers improve with increasing optomechanical cooperativity. The effects of the other parameters are also discussed in detail.
We investigate the generation of quantum correlations between mechanical modes and optical modes in an optomechanical system, using the rotating wave approximation. The system is composed of two Fabry–Pérot cavities separated in space; each of the two cavities has a movable end-mirror. Our aim is the evaluation of entanglement between mechanical modes and optical modes, generated by correlations transfer from the squeezed light to the system, using Gaussian intrinsic entanglement as a witness of entanglement in continuous variables Gaussian states, and the quantification of the degree of mixedness of the Gaussian states using the purity. Then, we quantify nonclassical correlations between mechanical modes and optical modes even beyond entanglement by considering Gaussian geometric discord via the Hellinger distance. Indeed, entanglement, mixdness, and quantum discord are analyzed as a function of the parameters characterizing the system (thermal bath temperature, squeezing parameter, and optomechanical cooperativity). We find that, under thermal effect, when entanglement vanishes, purity and quantum discord remain nonzero. Remarkably, the Gaussian Hellinger discord is more robust than entanglement. The effects of the other parameters are discussed in detail.
In this paper, we investigate the robustness of the quantum correlations against the environment effects in various opto-mechanical bipartite systems. For two spatially separated opto-mechanical cavities, we give analytical formula for the global covariance matrix involving two mechanical modes and two optical modes. The logarithmic negativity as an indicator of the degree of entanglement and the Gaussian quantum discord which is a witness of quantumness of correlations are used as quantifiers to evaluate the different pairwise quantum correlations in the whole system. The evolution of the quantum correlations existing in this opto-mechanical system are analyzed in terms of the thermal bath temperature, squeezing parameter and the opto-mechanical cooperativity. We find that with desirable choice of these parameters, it is possible either to enhance or annihilate the quantum correlations in the system. Various scenarios are discussed in detail.
In this paper, we analyze nonclassical correlations between bipartite states in two optomechanical systems. The first system (Sec. 2) consists of two nanoresonators spatially separated by broadband squeezed light, where each cavity has a fixed mirror and a movable one. The second system (Sec. 3) is an atom-optomechanical system consisting of an atomic ensemble placed inside an optical nanoresonator with a vibrating mirror. For both optomechanical systems, we give the Hamiltonian and the explicit expression of covariance matrix leading to the quantum equations describing the dynamic evolution of the system. Then, the nonclassical correlations are quantified using the logarithmic negativity and Gaussian quantum discord. We propose also a scheme for examining the evolution of Gaussian quantum steering and its asymmetry in each system. We show that the entanglement of the two mechanical modes is very strongly related to the parameters characterizing the environment where the movable mirrors evolve, in particular the squeeze parameter, the optomechanical cooperativity and thermal bath temperature.
We show the quantum correlation between two coupled hybrid optomechanical cavities by quantifying the non-classical correlation using Gaussian quantum discord. This involves analyzing and solving Heisenberg Langevin equations to obtain the (12*12)dimensional covariance matrix of this system. Based on the experimentalist conditions, we simulate quantum correlation of bipartite steady-state with continuous conditions using Guassian quantum discord. We know that the generation of quantum correlation and its robustness essentially depend on the physical parameters of the system. We provide the stability analysis by means of the RuthsHurwitz criterion to confirm the choices made during the analysis of quantum discord dynamics.