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New Journal of Physics

Noise suppression by differential detection of simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in counterpropagating bichromatic light

Qinglin Li, Peter Yun, Tenghui Yang, Qiang Hao, Shougang Zhang, Sihong Gu

Published Oct 1, 2023• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Well-established electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) have been applied to various applications including quantum computing, light storage, and precision measurement. Here, we propose and implement a differential detection scheme based on coexisting EIT and EIA signals in a double-Λ system with counterpropagating bichromatic laser fields, in which a differential coherent population trapping (diff-CPT) signal is extracted with a desired enhanced amplitude and highly suppressed common-mode noise. Compared to that of either EIT or EIA, the observed signal-to-noise ratio of the proposed method’s diff-CPT signal improved by one order of magnitude, which would benefit the implementation of high-performance CPT clocks. This technique may also be applied to magnetometers and precision spectroscopy.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ad01d1

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Abstract Well-established electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) have been applied to various applications including quantum computing, light storage, and precision measurement. Here, we propose and implement a differential detection scheme based on coexisting EIT and EIA signals in a double-Λ system with counterpropagating bichromatic laser fields, in which a differential coherent population trapping (diff-CPT) signal is extracted with a desired enhanced amplitude and highly suppressed common-mode noise. Compared to that of either EIT or EIA, the observed signal-to-noise ratio of the proposed method’s diff-CPT signal improved by one order of magnitude, which would benefit the implementation of high-performance CPT clocks. This technique may also be applied to magnetometers and precision spectroscopy.
We proposed and demonstrated a continuous wave (CW) version of constructive, destructive & differential detection (CDD) of coherent population trapping resonance (CPT), in which we simultaneously observed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) resonances with counterpropagating pump and probe bichromatic light beams. A differential CPT signal is also obtained with doubled amplitude and suppressed common-mode noise. The enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of CPT resonance with one order of magnitude in this novel scheme could beneficial to implement high-performance CPT atomic clocks, as well as atomic sensors, and high-resolution spectroscopy.
SummaryWe propose and demonstrate constructive, destructive and differential detection of coherent population trapping resonance (CDD CPT), in which a CPT dark state is constructively and destructively detected by a bi-chromatic light field with proper polarization and timing setting. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonances are simultaneously observed in a vapor cell. A differential-CPT (diff-CPT) signal, with doubled amplitude and suppression of common-mode noise of light and of the atomic ensemble, is then obtained by subtracting EIT and EIA resonances. This approach might be of great interest for the development of high-performance atomic clocks, sensors, or high-resolution spectroscopy.
We investigate a recently proposed scheme for differential detection of the magneto-optical rotation effect and its application to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) atomic clocks [Opt. Lett.40, 3703 (2015)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.40.003703]. This scheme utilizes a linearly polarized bichromatic laser field that is EIT-resonant with alkali atoms. The results of our study reveal that the suppression of the laser noise can substantially improve the signal-to-noise ratio in EIT atomic clocks. Our preliminary results demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement in clock stability under some conditions when incorporating the differential detection scheme.
We investigate a recently proposed scheme for differential detection of the magneto-optical rotation effect and its application to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) atomic clocks. This scheme utilizes a linearly polarized bichromatic laser field that is EIT-resonant with alkali atoms. The results of our study reveal that the suppression of the laser noise can substantially improve the signal-to-noise ratio in EIT atomic clocks. Our preliminary results demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement in clock stability under some conditions when incorporating the differential detection scheme
We present a digital differential detection scheme using a single photodiode to suppress the diode laser frequency noise and improve the short-term stability in atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance. One laser light is divided into two beams via modulation of an acousto-optic modulator. One beam induces CPT resonance with circularly polarized light, and the other beam induces only absorption with linearly polarized light. A differential algorithm counteracts common-mode noise from the two beams. A stability of 6.86×10−12 at 100 s and 2.26×10−12 at 1000 s has been demonstrated. The short-term stability is improved by a factor of 2.4 at 100 s. The scheme promises to eliminate laser-related noise and explore potential applications in chip-scale atomic clocks.
Coherent manipulation of atomic states is highly desirable in numerous applications spanning from fundamental physics to metrology. In this study, we propose and demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, the simultaneous observation in a vapor cell of dark and bright resonances that provide, through a differential-detection stage, an output coherent-population-trapping atomic resonance that benefits from a doubled amplitude and high common-mode noise rejection. This advanced spectroscopic scheme might be of interest for the development of high-performance vapor-cell atomic clocks, sensors, or high-resolution spectroscopy experiments.