The internet of things (IoT)-based energy internet (EI) is an emerging technology that enables innovative and distributed energy networks. However, as merging technologies often create complex structures, securing IoT-based EI against cyber-attacks becomes challenging. While existing solutions can protect this environment against well-known attacks, only a few works have addressed the issue of quantum attacks. To address this issue, this paper proposes a mechanism to defend against quantum computer attacks in IoT-based EI using the Goldreich-Goldwasser-Halev (GGH) cryptosystem and quantum key distribution. These techniques offer the best security features and contribute to secure authentication, eavesdropping detection, and resistance to the most well-known attacks. Our scheme's evaluation using the AVISPA tool demonstrates its lightweight nature with regard to the security properties it guarantees. Our contribution is crucial for ensuring secure IoT-based EI, as it protects against quantum computer attacks.
The internet of things (IoT)-based energy internet (EI) is an emerging technology that enables innovative and distributed energy networks. However, as merging technologies often create complex structures, securing IoT-based EI against cyber-attacks becomes challenging. While existing solutions can protect this environment against well-known attacks, only a few works have addressed the issue of quantum attacks. To address this issue, this paper proposes a mechanism to defend against quantum computer attacks in IoT-based EI using the Goldreich-Goldwasser-Halev (GGH) cryptosystem and quantum key distribution. These techniques offer the best security features and contribute to secure authentication, eavesdropping detection, and resistance to the most well-known attacks. Our scheme's evaluation using the AVISPA tool demonstrates its lightweight nature with regard to the security properties it guarantees. Our contribution is crucial for ensuring secure IoT-based EI, as it protects against quantum computer attacks.
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has revolutionized digital communication, yet it simultaneously poses unprecedented security challenges due to constrained device capabilities and increasing cyber threats. Conventional cryptographic techniques, while currently effective, are vulnerable to emerging quantum computing technologies that threaten to render classical encryption obsolete. This paper explores the integration of quantum-safe cryptographic techniques within IoT networks to ensure long-term confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. It examines post-quantum cryptographic primitives, including lattice-based, hash-based, multivariate, and code-based schemes, and evaluates their suitability for resource-constrained IoT environments. The study focuses on lightweight implementation strategies, balancing computational efficiency with robust security requirements. Simulation analyses demonstrate that properly optimized quantum safe protocols can provide resilient encryption, key exchange, and digital signature functionalities without overwhelming device resources. Furthermore, the integration of these techniques with IoT communication standards and secure network protocols ensures end-to-end protection across heterogeneous networks. Challenges such as latency, energy consumption, and scalability are addressed, highlighting the necessity of tailored cryptographic solutions for diverse IoT applications. The findings confirm that quantum safe cryptography is essential for future-proofing IoT networks, offering sustainable security measures that remain resilient against both classical and quantum adversaries, thereby supporting the continued expansion of secure and intelligent interconnected systems.
IoT devices use outdated secure methods that are vulnerable to quantum computer attacks, making quantum computing a huge security issue. As quantum computers get smarter, RSA and ECC may not be able to protect IoT networks as well. This research examines how publish-quantum cryptography (percent) may defend IoT devices from clean quantum assaults. Percent uses quantum algorithms like Shor’s and Grover’s to provide unbreakable safety. Records are protected and quantum technology is sent securely. The research evaluates many PQC algorithms for IoT systems. It uses computational energy, power savings, and scale troubleshooting. We propose integrating conventional and post-quantum encryption to make IoT networks more trustworthy and impenetrable. This study shows how important PQC is for protecting IoT settings against quantum-based attacks by securing key exchange, data, and device identification.
The resource limitations of IoT nodes and the vulnerability of wireless channels to cyberattacks and snooping, the quick spread of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in wireless surroundings has created serious challenges to data security and privacy. The development of quantum computing, which can meritoriously crack classical encryption, is posing a growing threat to recognized cryptographic techniques like RSA and ECC. By applying concepts from quantum mechanics like predicament cloning, quantum cryptography, in particular Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), provides tentatively unbreakable security. In order to integrate lightweight quantum key exchange with traditional IoT communication protocols, this paper proposes a comprehensive Quantum Cryptography Framework (QCF) exactly designed for Wireless IoT networks. The framework is made to preserve energy efficiency while certifying forward secrecy, confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. A performance evaluation in terms of latency, throughput, and resistance to quantum attacks supports our discussion of the architecture, working mechanism, and implementation deliberations. The findings show that, when compared to traditional encryption methods, the suggested QCF greatly improves the security of wireless IoT systems, certifying resilience against oppositional models of the future.
The Internet of Things (IoT) now underpins critical systems like healthcare monitors, smart home, smart grids, automotive V2V & V2X networks, and industrial controls but it still relies on classical cryptography, whose security assumptions are vulnerable to quantum computers. A large quantum computer could run Shor’s algorithm to break RSA/ECC and use Grover’s algorithm to accelerate brute-forcing of symmetric keys, undermining the confidentiality and authentication of data in these IoT applications. Researchers have proposed quantum cryptographic solutions. Quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum random number generators (QRNGs) exploit quantum mechanics to detect eavesdropping and deliver provably secure key material. For example, chip-scale QRNGs can be embedded in IoT sensors to generate true random keys, boosting resistance to brute-force attacks. These quantum techniques provide information-theoretic secrecy, for instance, QKD-generated keys have been used to authenticate smart-grid SCADA. However, most IoT devices are resource-constrained, making direct deployment of conventional QKD hardware challenging. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) complements quantum methods by providing algorithms such as lattice-based, hash-based that resist quantum attacks on existing hardware. Standardized PQC can be deployed via software updates on legacy IoT nodes, enabling scalable and quantum-safe security within current constraints. Researchers are exploring lightweight PQC for connected cars and e-health sensors. Hybrid approaches combining QKD/QRNG with PQC offer a layered defense. Since QKD protocols are regarded as ‘future-proof’ and PQC standards mature, their combined use will be essential for robust, quantum-safe IoT security. Miniaturizing quantum components such as integrated QKD/QRNG modules and optimizing lightweight PQC schemes for low-power IoT devices are future research directions to secure IoT networks.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an auspicious model for Internet of Things (IoT) networks against attacks of eavesdropping. Nevertheless, standard quantum-based techniques are expensive and overweighted for resource-awkward devices in IoT. Especially, an out-band quantum channel needs to use for regular exchanges among the devices and QKD controller. To decreased IoT devices overweight pain against eavesdropping, implemented a new Quantum-based Secure and Lightweight Transmission (QSLT) method in this work. In particular, the system pre-distributes quantum keys to IoT SIM cards-equipped devices. Sensitive IoT data can be encrypted or decrypted using one of the keys by QSLT. It is important that two distinct devices arranged the session key using key-selection of in-band techniques. Once the data is received by another device, the key-selection field is extracts by QSLT and uses locally stored selected quantum key to decrypt the data. Investigated the implemented technique and analyses its performances of transmission and security.
Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart grids has revolutionized the energy sector, enabling real-time data collection and efficient energy distribution. However, this integration also introduces significant security challenges, particularly data encryption. Traditional encryption algorithms used in IoT are vulnerable to various attacks, and the advent of quantum computing exacerbates these vulnerabilities. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a novel encryption mechanism, the Quantum-Resistant Hybrid Encryption for IoT (QRHE-IoT), designed to enhance the security of communications in IoT-enabled smart grids. QRHE-IoT combines the strengths of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms and incorporates quantum-resistant algorithms to provide robust security. This paper explains the QRHE-IoT mechanism, its theoretical basis, and how it addresses the security challenges in smart grid communications. It also presents the results of tests conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of QRHE-IoT in a simulated smart grid environment. The proposed QRHE-IoT mechanism presents a promising solution to these challenges, offering robust security for smart grid communications in the face of emerging threats, including quantum computing.