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Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics

A New Non-Symmetric Modification of the Second Demkov–Kunike Model

A. M. Ghazaryan, Tigran A. Ishkhanyan, Artur Mikhailovich Ishkhanyan

Published Jun 1, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We introduce a new non-symmetric-in-time version of the second Demkov–Kunike model. This is a constant-amplitude level-crossing field configuration, where the detuning varies in a restricted frequency interval and crosses the resonance in a non-symmetric way with respect to the crossing time point. We provide the solution of the two-state problem for this field configuration using irreducible linear combinations of hypergeometric functions and calculate the transition probability at time going to infinity for the scenario where the system begins in the first quasi-energy state.

DOI
10.1134/s1995080223060185

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Abstract We introduce a new non-symmetric-in-time version of the second Demkov–Kunike model. This is a constant-amplitude level-crossing field configuration, where the detuning varies in a restricted frequency interval and crosses the resonance in a non-symmetric way with respect to the crossing time point. We provide the solution of the two-state problem for this field configuration using irreducible linear combinations of hypergeometric functions and calculate the transition probability at time going to infinity for the scenario where the system begins in the first quasi-energy state.
Abstract We present a novel time-dependent two-state model that describes a constant-amplitude level-crossing field configuration, where the frequency detuning varies within a finite interval. A distinctive feature of this configuration is that the resonance crossing always occurs asymmetrically in time, making it an asymmetric version of the second Demkov-Kunike model. The general solution of the problem is expressed in terms of two independent irreducible linear combinations of the Gauss hypergeometric functions. We analyze the asymptotes of the solution in terms of corresponding quasi-energies and calculate the final transition probability in the case when the system starts from the first quasi-energy state.
Abstract We present a new exactly integrable time-dependent constant-amplitude level-crossing two-state quantum model for which the detuning of the excitation laser field varies with time over a restricted interval. This field configuration is a member of one of the eleven independent classes of general Heun two-state models. We prove that this is the only non-classical unconditionally solvable field configuration among the general Heun classes, solvable in terms of finite sums of Gauss hypergeometric functions. Each of the two fundamental solutions that compose the general solution of the problem is written as an irreducible linear combination of two ordinary hypergeometric functions.
We introduce a new exactly integrable level-crossing model of quantum semiclassical two-state problem for which the analytic solution is written in terms of the Kummer confluent hypergeometric functions. This is a constant-amplitude field-configuration describing an asymmetricin- time level-crossing process for which the laser field frequency detuning is given in terms of the Lambert-W function. The general solution of the problem for this model is written as a linear combination, with arbitrary constant coefficients, of two fundamental solutions each of which presents an irreducible linear combination of two confluent hypergeometric functions. We present the fundamental solutions and analyze the behavior of the system in the external field defined by the specific field configuration.
Exact analytical solutions to the dissipative time-dependent Schrödinger equation are obtained for a decaying two-state system with decay rates Γ1 and Γ2 for the levels with extremal spin projections. The system is coherently driven with a pulse whose detuning is made up of two parts: a time-dependent part (chirp) of hyperbolic-tangent shape and a static part with real and imaginary terms. This gives us a wide range of possibilities to arbitrarily select the interaction terms. We considered two versions which led to decaying Demkov-Kunike (DK) models; the version in which the Rabi frequency (interaction) is a time-dependent hyperbolic-secant function (called decaying DK1 model) and the case when it is constant in time and never turns off (decaying DK2 model). Our analytical solutions account for all possible initial moments instead of only t0 = 0 or t0 = − ∞ as for non-decaying models and may be useful for the experiments on level crossings. Two complementary limits of the pulse detuning are considered and explored: the limit of fast (i) and slow rise (ii). In the case (i), the coupling between level positions in the first DK model collapses, while the second DK model reduces to a Rabi model (constant Hamiltonian), in the case (ii), both DK models reduce to the LZ model. In both cases (i) and (ii), analytical approximated solutions which conveniently approach the exact solutions are derived.
We discuss the level-crossing field configurations for which the quantum time-dependent two-state problem is solvable in terms of the confluent Heun functions. We show that these configurations belong to fifteen four-parametric families of models that generalize all the known 3- and 2-parametric families for which the problem is solvable in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric and the Kummer confluent hypergeometric functions. Analyzing the general case of variable Rabi frequency and frequency detuning we mention that the most notable features of the models provided by the derived classes are due to the extra constant term in the detuning modulation function. Due to this term the classes suggest numerous symmetric or asymmetric chirped pulses and a variety of models with two crossings of the frequency resonance. The latter models are generated by both real and complex transformations of the independent variable. In general, the resulting detuning functions are asymmetric, the asymmetry being controlled by the parameters of the detuning modulation function. In some cases, however, the asymmetry may be additionally caused by the amplitude modulation function. We present an example of the latter possibility and additionally mention a constant amplitude model with periodically repeated resonance-crossings. Finally, we discuss the excitation of a two-level atom by a pulse of Lorentzian shape with a detuning providing one or two crossings of the resonance. Using a series expansion of the solution of the confluent Heun equation in terms of the Kummer hypergeometric functions we derive particular closed form solutions of the two-state problem for this field configuration. The particular sets of the involved parameters for which these solutions are obtained define curves in the 3D space of the involved parameters belonging to the complete return spectrum of the considered two-state quantum system.
We study the dynamics of cold molecule formation via photo- or magneto-association of quantum degenerate atomic gases for the case when the field configuration is defined by the quasi-linear level crossing Demkov-Kunike model, which is characterized by a bell-shaped pulse and finite variation of the frequency detuning. We generalize the approach developed for the Landau-Zener model and propose a cubic polynomial equation for the asymptotic transition probability at t → + ∞ applicable in the large detuning regime of the interaction process. The proposed approximation applies to all values of the Rabi frequency; hence, it presents a unified description of previously noticed weak, moderate, and strong interaction limits of the fast sweep regime. This cubic equation for the transition probability provides improvement of previous results by an order of the magnitude.