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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

Robust Secure Beamforming Design for GEO-Based Satellite Communication Systems

Lei Yan, Yongjun Xu, Chongwen Huang, Chau Yuen, Haijun Zhang

Published Oct 2, 2023• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Compared with terrestrial communication, satellite communication has played a crucial role in 6G communication as a result of wide-area coverage characteristics. Among them, beamforming scheduling and information security are critical research issues to improve system transmission performance. However, in geostationary earth orbit (GEO)-based satellite communication systems, owing to the wide-area coverage, ground users are susceptible to inter-beam interference caused by multibeam antennas at the satellite, and the information received by terrestrial users may be eavesdropped by air or terrestrial eavesdroppers. To this end, in this article, we propose a new robust security transmission strategy by combining beamforming and artificial noise (AN) techniques. Specifically, based on the actual satellite communication network scenario, the uncertain channel models are formulated as bounded uncertainty sets by considering the impact of imperfect channel state information of both legitimate and wiretap channels. Then, we build a bounded-constrained beamforming optimization to maximize the sum rate of legitimate users, while guaranteeing the constraints of total transmit power on the satellite and the minimum security rate of each legitimate user. Since the original problem is non-convex and mathematically intractable, we jointly exploit the successive convex approximation, Taylor series expansion, S-Procedure, and the semi-definite relaxation approach, with which the original problem can be transformed into a tractable one with a series of linear matrix inequality constraints. Furthermore, we propose an iterative algorithm to obtain the optimal beamforming and AN vectors. Finally, simulation results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better security and robustness.

DOI
10.1109/tvt.2023.3321179

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Compared with terrestrial communication, satellite communication has played a crucial role in 6G communication as a result of wide-area coverage characteristics. Among them, beamforming scheduling and information security are critical research issues to improve system transmission performance. However, in geostationary earth orbit (GEO)-based satellite communication systems, owing to the wide-area coverage, ground users are susceptible to inter-beam interference caused by multibeam antennas at the satellite, and the information received by terrestrial users may be eavesdropped by air or terrestrial eavesdroppers. To this end, in this article, we propose a new robust security transmission strategy by combining beamforming and artificial noise (AN) techniques. Specifically, based on the actual satellite communication network scenario, the uncertain channel models are formulated as bounded uncertainty sets by considering the impact of imperfect channel state information of both legitimate and wiretap channels. Then, we build a bounded-constrained beamforming optimization to maximize the sum rate of legitimate users, while guaranteeing the constraints of total transmit power on the satellite and the minimum security rate of each legitimate user. Since the original problem is non-convex and mathematically intractable, we jointly exploit the successive convex approximation, Taylor series expansion, S-Procedure, and the semi-definite relaxation approach, with which the original problem can be transformed into a tractable one with a series of linear matrix inequality constraints. Furthermore, we propose an iterative algorithm to obtain the optimal beamforming and AN vectors. Finally, simulation results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better security and robustness.
In recent years, satellite communications have become the focus of research on space-air-ground-sea integrated wireless communication networks because of their wide coverage. Due to the broadcasting nature of satellite communications, the security of satellite systems has become a critical issue. In this paper, we study the secure transmission of satellite communications, focusing on the geostationary earth orbit (GEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellite scenarios, respectively. Because of the satellite's high mobility and long propagation delays, the transmitter side cannot obtain accurate channel state information (CSI). To this end, we establish the channel phase uncertainty model of GEO satellite users, the channel angle uncertainty model of LEO satellite users, and the norm-bounded model of eavesdroppers, respectively. Then, a corresponding robust secure transmission design is proposed. Since the resulting optimization problems are non-convex and challenging to handle, we propose an algorithm that transforms the original problem into a series of convex optimization subproblems and obtains the beamforming weight vectors through iterative calculation. Simulation results indicate that the security and robustness performance of the proposed algorithms are significantly improved compared with the conventional baselines.
This letter investigates the secure transmission optimization in a multibeam satellite downlink network with multiple eavesdroppers, where each legitimate user is wiretapped by a corresponding eavesdropper. Our design objective is to maximize the sum secrecy rate of the multibeam satellite network in the presence of imperfect channel state information (CSI) of eavesdroppers, while guaranteeing the total transmit power constraint on-board the satellite. Due to the nonconvexity and intractability resulting from the eavesdroppers' CSI uncertainty, a robust beamforming scheme is proposed to transform the initial optimization problem into a convex framework by jointly applying the Taylor expansion, S-Procedure, and Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Meanwhile, an iterative algorithm is introduced to obtain the optimal solution. Finally, the validity and superiority of the proposed scheme are confirmed through comparisons with the existing nonrobust and perfect CSI approaches.
This paper investigates the physical layer security (PLS) of a multibeam satellite communication system where the satellite transmits the private signal to a legitimate user (LU) which is intercepted by multiple eavesdroppers (Eves). By considering the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of Eve channels, we formulate the constrained problem to maximize the LU achievable secrecy rate (ASR) subject to secrecy rate outage probability constraint, the total satellite transmit power constraint and the LU rate constraint. Firstly, we adopt golden section method to transform the difficult original problem into a series easier sub-problem. Then, considering the nonconvex of sub-problem, we employ Bernstein inequality and semidefinite programming (SDP) to transform the sub-problem into solvable one. Then, we use standard software package to get the optimal beamforming (BF) weight vector through an iterative penalty-based algorithm. Finally, simulation results confirm the superiority and robustness of the designed BF scheme.
This paper investigates the secure transmission in satellite communication systems, where a geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite serves an earth station while multiple eavesdroppers attempt to intercept the confidential message. Assuming that only the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of the wiretap channels are available, we propose a secure beamforming scheme to maximize the secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) of the earth station while satisfying the signal-noise-ratio (SNR) requirement at earth station, the secrecy constraints at eavesdroppers, and per-antenna power constraints at satellite antenna feeds. Since the formulated optimization problem is mathematically intractable, we propose a two-stage beamforming scheme to convert the original nonconvex problem into a solvable one and obtain the beamforming weight vectors. Numerical results are finally provided to verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
Multibeam satellite communication plays an important role in future integrated satellite-terrestrial communication systems. However, the large area covered by the satellite beams makes itself vulnerable to be wiretapped, especially for the cases that eavesdroppers are located near the legitimate receivers. In this paper, cooperative jamming from both satellite and full-duplex receivers are investigated where we aim to minimize the power consumed by a multibeam satellite system with secrecy outage probability constraints. To tackle this problem, an algorithm of joint beamforming and power allocation via alternating optimization (JBFPA-AO) is proposed. Specifically, a feasible solution is first obtained by transforming the original non-convex problem into a semi-definitive programming (SDP) problem with relaxed constraints. And then, alternating optimization is adopted to find better solutions iteratively. Convergence of the proposed JBFPA-AO is proved, and simulation results show its effectiveness to reduce the power utilized by the satellite.
In this paper, we study the secure beamforming (BF) and artificial noise (AN) techniques for a cognitive satellite-terrestrial network, where a satellite system termed as the primary network under the interception of multiple unauthorized eavesdroppers shares the spectrum of resources with multi-cell secondary terrestrial networks. The design objective is to minimize the total transmit power on board the satellite and multiple terrestrial base stations (BSs) while meeting the secrecy rate constraint of the primary satellite user along with the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio constraints of secondary terrestrial users. When exact channel state information at the satellite and terrestrial BS is perfectly known, a zero-forcing scheme is first presented to obtain a sub-optimal solution with low complexity. Next, we propose a semi-definite relaxation-based iterative algorithm together with a golden section search method to achieve the optimal solution. Moreover, a joint BF and AN scheme is further explored to provide the additional degree-of-freedom against illegitimate eavesdropping. Eventually, numerical simulations are given to confirm the validity of the proposed schemes as well as the performance improvements compared with the existing approaches.