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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Quantum Entanglement Protection by Utilizing Classical Noises

Wenjie Zheng, Bi‐Hua Huang, Xinyu Zhao, Yan Xia

Published Sep 29, 2023• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Noise is often considered as the biggest enemy of maintaining quantum entanglement. However, in this paper, it shows quantum entanglement can be protected by introducing extra noises to a quantum system. As an example, the dynamics of a two‐qubit system coupled to a cavity is studied under the influence of three noises, a quantized noise from the leakage of the cavity and two classical noises in the couplings between the two‐qubit system and the cavity. The master equation beyond the Markov approximation is derived and the mechanism of the entanglement protection is analyzed in a special case with analytical solutions. In short, the entanglement loss caused by the dissipation to the bath might be weaken by introducing high‐frequency classical noises properly. The numerical simulations not only confirm the feasibility of protecting entanglement by noises but also reveal that the properties of the classical noises have a significant impact on the performance of the entanglement protection.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202300150

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Abstract Noise is often considered as the biggest enemy of maintaining quantum entanglement. However, in this paper, it shows quantum entanglement can be protected by introducing extra noises to a quantum system. As an example, the dynamics of a two‐qubit system coupled to a cavity is studied under the influence of three noises, a quantized noise from the leakage of the cavity and two classical noises in the couplings between the two‐qubit system and the cavity. The master equation beyond the Markov approximation is derived and the mechanism of the entanglement protection is analyzed in a special case with analytical solutions. In short, the entanglement loss caused by the dissipation to the bath might be weaken by introducing high‐frequency classical noises properly. The numerical simulations not only confirm the feasibility of protecting entanglement by noises but also reveal that the properties of the classical noises have a significant impact on the performance of the entanglement protection.
Abstract Noise is often considered as the biggest enemy of maintaining quantum coherence. However, in this paper, we show a scheme to protect quantum coherence by introducing extra noise. To be specific, we study an atom coupled to a single mode cavity (Jaynes–Cummings model) with two noises. One is from the cavity leakage, the other is from the stochastic atom-cavity coupling. Based on the non-Markovian dynamical equation, we show the quantum coherence can be protected by introducing the noise in the atom-cavity coupling. We study four different types of noises and show their performance on the coherence protection. We also analytically reveal the mechanism of the quantum coherence protection, namely the high frequency noise can freeze the dynamics thus protect coherence. Last but not least, a mixture of different types of noises (hybrid noise) is studied. We show the mixture can lower the performance of the coherence protection scheme and provide an explanation. We hope the results presented here may attract more attention on protecting quantum coherence by utilizing noise.
Contrary to the conventional view that noise is detrimental, we show that mixed noise can protect entanglement in a two-atom-cavity system. Specifically, the leakage of the cavity and the stochastic atom-cavity couplings are modeled as two types of noises. From the analytical derivation of the dynamical equations, the mechanism of the entanglement protection is revealed as the high-frequency(HF) noise in the atom-cavity couplings could suppress the decoherence caused by the cavity leakage, thus protect the entanglement. We investigate the entanglement protection induced by mixed noise constructed from diverse noise types, including the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise, flicker noise, and telegraph noise. Numerical simulations demonstrate that entanglement protection depends critically on the proportion of HF components in the power spectral density of the mixed noise. Our work establishes that enhanced HF components are essential for effective noise-assisted entanglement protection, offering key insights for noise engineering in practical open quantum systems.
Abstract In this paper, we propose a scheme to protect quantum coherence by adding another noise. We consider an example of a Jaynes–Cummings model coupled to an external non-Markovian bosonic bath. We solve this model by using the dressed state method in the presence of a stochastic coupling and obtain the density matrix by numerically averaging many stochastic trajectories. We show that the noisy atom-cavity coupling can effectively suppress both the relaxation and dephasing effects caused by the leakage of the cavity. Besides, we further illustrate the impacts of the standard deviation of the noisy coupling and the non-Markovian memory effect on the coherence protection. Then, the mechanism of the protection is analyzed. It is our hope that our research may open a new path to consider the role of noise in quantum coherence preservation.
In this paper, we investigate coherence protection of a quantum system coupled to a hierarchical environment by utilizing noise. As an example, we solve the Jaynes-Cummings model in the presence of both a classical and a quantized noise. The master equation is derived beyond the Markov approximation, where the influence of memory effects from both noises is taken into account. More importantly, we find that the performance of the coherence protection sensitively depends on the non-Markovian properties of both noises. By analyzing the mathematical mechanism of the coherence protection, we show the decoherence caused by a non-Markovian noise with longer memory time can be suppressed by another Markovian noise with shorter memory time. Last but not least, as an outlook, we try to analyze the connection between the atom-cavity entanglement and the atomic coherence, then discuss the possible clue to search the required noise. The results presented in this paper show the possibility of protecting coherence by utilizing noise and may open an alternative path to design noise-assisted coherence protection schemes.
We study the dynamics of quantum systems under classical and quantum noise, focusing on decoherence in qubit systems. Classical noise is described by a random process leading to a stochastic temporal evolution of a closed quantum system, whereas quantum noise originates from the coupling of the microscopic quantum system to its macroscopic environment. We derive deterministic master equations describing the average evolution of the quantum system under classical continuous-time Markovian noise and two sets of master equations under quantum noise. Strikingly, these three equations of motion are shown to be equivalent in the case of classical random telegraph noise and proper quantum environments. Hence fully quantum-mechanical models within the Born approximation can be mapped to a quantum system under classical noise. Furthermore, we apply the derived equations together with pulse optimization techniques to achieve high-fidelity one-qubit operations under random telegraph noise, and hence fight decoherence in these systems of great practical interest.
We analyze repeated rank-1 projections onto a single Bell state as an entanglement-preserving protocol for a noisy two-qubit register. The register interacts with a Markovian dissipative environment described by a Lindblad master equation, while each qubit also experiences classical frequency fluctuations with specified noise statistics. We focus on Ornstein–Uhlenbeck noise, using random telegraph noise and Poissonian jump noise as complementary models. Analytic asymptotic expressions are derived for the noise-averaged dynamics, and performance is evaluated using concurrence and a survival-gain metric comparing measurement-assisted evolution with free decay. We identify parameter regimes where repeated Bell-basis projections provide a robust advantage, as well as regimes where the benefit depends on noise statistics, revealing the role of non-Gaussian frequency fluctuations in entanglement protection.