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Photonics

Measurement-Based Control of Quantum Entanglement and Steering in a Distant Magnomechanical System

Huatang Tan

Published Sep 26, 2023• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a scheme for measurement-based control of hybrid Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) entanglement and steering between distant macroscopic mechanical oscillator and yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere in a system of an electromechanical cavity unidirectionally coupled to an electromagnonical cavity. We reveal that when the output of the electromagnonical cavity is continuously monitored by homodyne detection, not only the phonon–magnon entanglement and steering but also the purities of the phononic, magnonic and phonon–magnon states are considerably enhanced. We also find that the measurement can effectively retrieve the magnon-to-phonon steering, which is not yet obtained in the absence of the measurement. We show that unconditional phonon–magnon entanglement and steering can be achieved by introducing indirect feedback to drive the magnon and mechanical subsystems. The long-distance macroscopic hybrid entanglement and steering can be useful for, e.g., fundamental tests for quantum mechanics and quantum networks.

DOI
10.3390/photonics10101081

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In this paper, we propose a scheme for measurement-based control of hybrid Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) entanglement and steering between distant macroscopic mechanical oscillator and yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere in a system of an electromechanical cavity unidirectionally coupled to an electromagnonical cavity. We reveal that when the output of the electromagnonical cavity is continuously monitored by homodyne detection, not only the phonon–magnon entanglement and steering but also the purities of the phononic, magnonic and phonon–magnon states are considerably enhanced. We also find that the measurement can effectively retrieve the magnon-to-phonon steering, which is not yet obtained in the absence of the measurement. We show that unconditional phonon–magnon entanglement and steering can be achieved by introducing indirect feedback to drive the magnon and mechanical subsystems. The long-distance macroscopic hybrid entanglement and steering can be useful for, e.g., fundamental tests for quantum mechanics and quantum networks.
We propose an experimental scheme for enhancing entanglement, achieving asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, and creating nonreciprocal quantum correlations within a hybrid system. This system integrates a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, which exhibits magnon-phonon coupling via magnetostriction, with a silica sphere featuring optomechanical whispering-gallery modes. By tuning the Barnett effect through the magnetic field direction, our system enables controllable asymmetric EPR steering and nonreciprocal entanglement between both directly and indirectly coupled modes. We demonstrate that adjusting the reflectivity of a beam splitter can boost stationary quantum steering and entanglement, effectively countering thermal noise. This approach allows for the generation of multipartite entanglement and both one-way and two-way steering. The proposed system is experimentally feasible and holds significant promise for various quantum information applications.
Abstract In this paper, we propose a continuous measurement and feedback scheme to achieve strong Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering and Bell nonlocality of two macroscopic mechanical oscillators in cavity optomechanics. Our system consists of two optomechanical cavities in which two cavity fields are coupled to each other via nondegenerate parametric downconversion. The two cavity output fields are subject to continuous Bell-like homodyne detection and the detection currents are fed back to drive the cavity fields. It is found that when the feedback is absent, the two mechanical oscillators can only be prepared in steady weakly entangled states which however do not display EPR steering and Bell nonlocality, due to the so-called 3 dB limit. But when the feedback is present, it is found that the mechanical entanglement is considerably enhanced such that strong mechanical steering and Bell nonlocality can be obtained in the steady-state regime. We analytically reveal that this is because the feedback drives the mechanical oscillators into a steady approximate two-mode squeezed vacuum state, with arbitrary squeezing in principle. It is shown that the feedback can also obviously improve the purity of the nonclassical mechanical states. The dependences of the mechanical quantum nonlocality on the feedback strength and thermal fluctuations are studied, and it is found that Bell nonlocality is much more vulnerable to thermal noise than EPR steerable nonlocality.
We propose a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system to realize and transfer the bipartite entanglements and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steerings between magnons, photons, and phonons in the regime of stability of the system. As a parity-time-symmetric-like structure exhibiting the natural magnetostrictive magnon-phonon interaction, our passive-active cavity system can be explored to enhance the robust distant quantum entanglement and generate the relatively obvious asymmetric (even directional) EPR steering that is useful for the task with the highly asymmetric trusts of the bidirectional local measurements between two entangled states. It is of great interest that, based on such a tunable magnomechanical system, the perfect transfer between near and distant entanglements and steerings of different mode pairs is realized by adjusting the coupling parameters; in particular, we propose a perfect transfer scheme of steerings. These transferring processes suggest indeed an alternative method for quantum information storage and manipulation. In addition, the entanglements and steerings can also be exchanged between different mode pairs by adjusting the detunings between different modes. This work may provide a potential platform for distant and asymmetric quantum modulation.
We present an alternative scheme to generate genuine tripartite entanglement and steering among one photon and two magnons in a cavity magnonical system, where two yttrium iron garnet spheres are respectively placed inside two microwave cavities driven by a two-mode squeezed field and subjected to homodyne-measurement feedback. It is found that quantum feedback on two cavities plays a crucial role in enhancing quantum correlations of photons and magnons. In the absence of measurement feedback, only bipartite entanglement between two magnons is existent. In contrast, when the continuous measurement feedback is present, two magnons are strongly entangled and magnon–photon entanglement also appears. More importantly, the stable genuine magnon–photon–magnon tripartite entanglement and steering could be obtained based on the homodyne-measurement feedback on two microwave cavities, which are robust against the thermal fluctuations. The work we present provides a feasible way to manipulate the multipartite quantum correlations including entanglement and steering in hybrid quantum systems.