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Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Robust Secure Beamforming for Multiantenna Relay Networks with Multiple Eavesdroppers

Yuchong Li, Lijian Zhang, Wei Li Dong

Published Jan 1, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Physical layer security has recently emerged as a promising approach to achieve security and communication integration. The built‐in security mechanism based on the characteristics of the wireless channel provides a feasible idea for the realization of “one secret at a time.” It has significant potential applications in high‐rate data transmission encryption, authentication, integrity protection of service data, and Internet of Things lightweight encryption. This paper investigates the robust secure transmit design problem for amplify‐and‐forward multiantenna relay networks in the presence of multiple single‐antenna eavesdroppers. A robust artificial noise (AN) aided secure beamforming design is proposed by taking into account the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdroppers. The goal is to jointly design the beamforming matrix and the AN covariance matrix at the relay based on the imperfect CSI of eavesdroppers, such that the worst‐case secrecy rate is maximized subject to the total power and the per‐antenna power constraints. Aiming at the nonconvex optimization problem, a two‐level optimization algorithm based on semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and S‐procedure is proposed. It is proven that there is a rank‐one optimal solution for the SDR problem. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is robust and superior to existing schemes.

DOI
10.1155/2023/8707844

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Physical layer security has recently emerged as a promising approach to achieve security and communication integration. The built‐in security mechanism based on the characteristics of the wireless channel provides a feasible idea for the realization of “one secret at a time.” It has significant potential applications in high‐rate data transmission encryption, authentication, integrity protection of service data, and Internet of Things lightweight encryption. This paper investigates the robust secure transmit design problem for amplify‐and‐forward multiantenna relay networks in the presence of multiple single‐antenna eavesdroppers. A robust artificial noise (AN) aided secure beamforming design is proposed by taking into account the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdroppers. The goal is to jointly design the beamforming matrix and the AN covariance matrix at the relay based on the imperfect CSI of eavesdroppers, such that the worst‐case secrecy rate is maximized subject to the total power and the per‐antenna power constraints. Aiming at the nonconvex optimization problem, a two‐level optimization algorithm based on semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and S‐procedure is proposed. It is proven that there is a rank‐one optimal solution for the SDR problem. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is robust and superior to existing schemes.
In this paper, we address physical layer security for amplify-and-forward (AF) multi-antenna relay systems in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. A robust joint design of cooperative beamforming (CB) and artificial noise (AN) is proposed with imperfect channel state information (CSI) of both the destination and the eavesdroppers. We aim to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate subject to the sum power and the per-antenna power constraints at the relay. Such joint design problem is non-convex. By utilizing the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, S-procedure and the successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithm, the original non-convex optimization problem is recast into a series of semidefinite programs (SDPs) which can be efficiently solved using interior-methods. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design.
This letter studies the secure cooperative transmission for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay network in the presence of multiple multi-antenna eavesdroppers. Since the perfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdroppers are not available, we propose a robust joint distributed beamforming and artificial noise scheme to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate of the network, under the total power constraint of all the relay nodes. With the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, the design can be solved by a one-dimension search which involves a sequence of semidefinite programming (SDP). Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed strategy.
This paper studies secure wireless transmission from a multi-antenna transmitter to a single-antenna intended receiver overheard by multiple eavesdroppers with considering the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of wiretap channel.To enhance security of communication link, the artificial noise (AN) is generated at transmitter.We first design the robust joint optimal beamforming of secret signal and AN to minimize transmit power with constraints of security quality of service (QoS), i.e., minimum allowable signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) at receiver and maximum tolerable SINR at eavesdroppers.The formulated design problem is shown to be nonconvex and we transfer it into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).The semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique is used and the approximated method is proved to solve the original problem exactly.To verify the robustness and tightness of proposed beamforming, we also provide a method to calculate the worst-case SINR at eavesdroppers for a designed transmit scheme using semidefinite programming (SDP).Additionally, the secrecy rate maximization is explored for fixed total transmit power.To tackle the nonconvexity of original formulation, we develop an iterative approach employing sequential parametric convex approximation (SPCA).The simulation results illustrate that the proposed robust transmit schemes can effectively improve the transmit performance.
This paper is concerned with an optimization problem in a two-hop relay wiretap channel, wherein multiple multi-antenna relays collaboratively amplify and forward (AF) information from a single-antenna source to a single-antenna destination, and at the same time emit artificial noise (AN) to improve physical-layer information security in the presence of multiple multi-antenna eavesdroppers (or Eves). More specifically, the problem is to simultaneously optimize the AF matrices and AN covariances for secrecy rate maximization, with robustness against imperfect channel state information of Eves via a worst-case robust formulation. Such a problem is nonconvex, and we propose a polynomial-time optimization solution based on a two-level optimization approach and semidefinite relaxation (SDR). In particular, while SDR is generally an approximation technique, we prove that SDR is optimal in the specific context here. This desirable result is obtained by careful reformulation and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality analysis, where, rather interestingly, AN is found to be instrumental in providing guarantee of SDR optimality. Simulation results are provided, and the results show that the proposed joint AF-AN solution can attain considerably higher achievable secrecy rates than some existing suboptimal designs.
In this paper, we investigate physical layer security for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in amplify-and-forward relay networks. We propose a joint robust cooperative beamforming and artificial noise scheme for secure communication and efficient wireless energy transfer. Specifically, by treating the energy receiver as a potential eavesdropper and assuming that only imperfect channel state information can be obtained, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate between the source and the legitimate information receiver under both the power constraint at the relays and the wireless power harvest constraint at the energy receiver. Since such a problem is non-convex and hard to tackle, we propose a two-level optimization approach which involves a one-dimensional search and semidefinite relaxation. Simulation results show that the proposed robust scheme achieves better worst-case secrecy rate performance than other schemes.
In this paper, we study robust joint beamforming and cooperative jamming (CJ) in a secure decode-and-forward (DF) relay system in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers, in which a multi-antenna DF relay employs transmit beamforming to help the source deliver information to the destination and simultaneously generates Gaussian artificial noise to confuse these eavesdroppers. We assume that all the channel state information (CSI) is imperfectly known at the relay subject to norm-bounded CSI errors. Our objective is to maximize the achievable secrecy rate at the destination by jointly optimizing the transmit beamforming vector of information signals and the covariance matrix of jamming signals at the relay subject to its total transmit power constraint. Although this problem is non-convex and in general difficult to be solved, we obtain its optimal solution via the technique of semi-definite relaxation (SDR) together with a one-dimensional (1-D) search. Specifically, we prove that the SDR is tight for the problem of our interest. Finally, numerical results are provided to validate our proposed scheme.