Security and privacy are vital challenges in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems due to the inherent broadcast property of industrial wireless communication. Therefore, how to improve the security of smart devices in IIoT systems has attracted widespread attention. In this article, a novel security optimization scheme for space shift keying (SSK)-based IIoT systems is proposed by applying secrecy enhancing techniques in the physical layer. Specifically, two methods are adopted in the proposed optimization scheme. First, the sender transmits artificial noise (AN) to interfere with the eavesdropper, while the legitimate receiver can eliminate AN. Second, the sender can select optimal antennas based on the proposed minmax criteria to transmit AN and information, which further promotes the security of industrial wireless communication. The optimal antenna selection pattern increases the difference of the average mutual information between the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. In addition, the proposed minmax antenna selection approach only requires the channel state information of the legitimate receiver, which satisfies the application scenario of unknown eavesdropper attacks in IIoT. Finally, we adopt a deep learning-based maximum likelihood (ML) detection algorithm to detect the optimal antenna index and analyze the bit error rate (BER) and secrecy rate (SR) of the proposed optimization scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve similar SR improvements and superior BER performance compared with the state-of-the-art scheme, namely the signal-leakage-to-noise ratio (SLNR) scheme. The BER performance of the proposed scheme achieves a maximum of 100 times superior to that of the SLNR scheme when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 27 dB. Moreover, the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional antenna selection scheme (random selection) in terms of BER and SR.
Security and privacy are vital challenges in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems due to the inherent broadcast property of industrial wireless communication. Therefore, how to improve the security of smart devices in IIoT systems has attracted widespread attention. In this article, a novel security optimization scheme for space shift keying (SSK)-based IIoT systems is proposed by applying secrecy enhancing techniques in the physical layer. Specifically, two methods are adopted in the proposed optimization scheme. First, the sender transmits artificial noise (AN) to interfere with the eavesdropper, while the legitimate receiver can eliminate AN. Second, the sender can select optimal antennas based on the proposed minmax criteria to transmit AN and information, which further promotes the security of industrial wireless communication. The optimal antenna selection pattern increases the difference of the average mutual information between the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. In addition, the proposed minmax antenna selection approach only requires the channel state information of the legitimate receiver, which satisfies the application scenario of unknown eavesdropper attacks in IIoT. Finally, we adopt a deep learning-based maximum likelihood (ML) detection algorithm to detect the optimal antenna index and analyze the bit error rate (BER) and secrecy rate (SR) of the proposed optimization scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve similar SR improvements and superior BER performance compared with the state-of-the-art scheme, namely the signal-leakage-to-noise ratio (SLNR) scheme. The BER performance of the proposed scheme achieves a maximum of 100 times superior to that of the SLNR scheme when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 27 dB. Moreover, the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional antenna selection scheme (random selection) in terms of BER and SR.
Reliability and security are the main concerns in modern industrial wireless sensing systems because of the nature property of the industrial wireless sensing environment. Therefore, how to enhance the secrecy and make the industrial wireless sensing systems smart attract a lot of attention. In order to address the secrecy problem in industrial wireless sensing systems, this article proposes a secrecy enhancement mechanism based on space shift keying (SSK) communication in industrial wireless sensing systems where a transmitting node, a receiving node, and an eavesdropper are considered. To prevent the valid information from being attacked by the eavesdropper, the technologies of antenna selection (AS) and the artificial noise (AN) are jointly used in the proposed scheme to enhance the physical layer security (PLS). Eventually, the designed AN is canceled at the receiving node and remains at the eavesdropper. In addition, two kinds of AS methods, namely, signal-to-leakage-noise ratio (SLNR)-based method and Euclidean distance AS (EDAS)-based method are proposed for the proposed secrecy enhancement scheme. Specifically, the SLNR and EDAS methods are designed for the known eavesdropper channel case and the unknown eavesdropper channel case, respectively. Moreover, to make the scenario practical, the channel estimation error is fully considered in the sensing data transmission stage since the perfect channel state information (CSI) is rarely available in the actual sensing environment. The results from simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme can enhance the system performances of secrecy rate (SR) and bit error rate (BER) when compared with the traditional random selection method.
The secure exchange of messages between different communication devices is a major issue of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications in future smart cities. Current security mechanisms focus on multiple antennas technology, such as spatial modulation (SM), but in space shift keying (SSK), there is still a space to explore. In this article, we propose a secrecy-enhancing SSK scheme for IoT applications by applying security technologies in the physical layer wherein the number of transmit antennas is arbitrary rather than the value of power of two. In this scheme, the security performance of the communication system is improved by using two technologies, namely, artificial noise (AN) and antenna selection. We assume that the application scenario of the SSK system is under the classic eavesdropping model. First, we design ANs according to the channel state information (CSI) to interrupt the eavesdropper and benefit the legitimate receiver via the appropriate cancellation technology. Second, the antenna selection method is designed based on the signal to leakage noise ratio (SLNR) to further boost the secrecy performance by expanding the mutual information difference between the main channel and the eavesdropping channel. Results from our simulations indicate that by the use of the proposed scheme, significant secrecy enhancing can be achieved in terms of bit error ratio (BER) and secrecy rate (SR) when compared with existing schemes. This achieved secrecy enhancing can benefit the suitable IoT communication applications in the smart city environment to avoid the leakage of data transmission.
Visible light communication (VLC) is a technology that uses unlicensed light spectrum resources and high spatial reuse rates for communication. Because it does not occupy any resource allocation in wireless communication, it has fully alleviated the problem of spectrum scarcity in radio frequency (RF) communication and gradually become a new development direction. However, owing to the inherent broadcasting nature of the VLC channel, the VLC link is vulnerable to eavesdropping by unexpected or unauthorized users in spacious public places. Therefore, enhancing the security of the VLC system has attracted extensive attention. This paper studies the security optimization scheme of the VLC system based on the space shift keying (SSK) technology in the free space optical environment called the SSK-VLC system. The antenna selection (AS) technology and artificial noise (AN) cancellation method are adopted to enhance the confidentiality of the SSK-VLC system. In this paper, we presume that the SSK-VLC system includes three parts: a transmitter containing multiple light-emitting diodes, a legitimate receiver, and an eavesdropper, respectively. By using the designed AS and AN method, the transmitted valid information can be demodulated at the legitimate receiver, and at the same time, the received information by the eavesdropper will be disturbed. The simulation results prove that the proposed optimization scheme can further improve the security performance, including the secrecy rate (SR) and the bit error ratio (BER), compared with the traditional SSK-VLC scheme.
Due to the inherent broadcast nature of wireless communications, privacy and security are crucial concerns in modern communication systems. In order to ensure the reliability and security of wireless communications, this paper proposes a novel friendly jamming joint antenna selection (AS) scheme to protect the secrecy of the space shift keying (SSK) based communication system where a source node (S), a destination node (D) and an eavesdropping node (E) are considered. In the proposed scheme, the jamming signal resides in the null space of the legal link (from S to D) and is transmitted by S along with the valid information, which causes no interference to D. However, for the eavesdropping node, it is difficult for E to obtain the relevant information of the legal link because of the spatial decorrelation. Therefore, the jamming signal has the ability to protect the transmitted valid information by causing interference to E. Moreover, the generalized Euclidean distance antenna selection (GEDAS) scheme is proposed to further improve the physical layer security (PLS) of the system by maximizing the difference of the average mutual information (AMI) between D and E. The simulation results show that the proposed joint scheme outperforms the traditional random selection scheme in terms of secrecy rate (SR), secrecy capacity (SC) and bit error rate (BER).
The industrial Internet of Things (IIoTs) is a key component of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) which is faced with privacy issues as the scale and sensitivity of user and system data constantly increases. Eavesdropping attack is one of such privacy issue of the IIoT system especially when the number of transmitting antennas is increased. Thus, the focus of this article is on establishing efficient privacy in an IIoT-multiple-input–multiple-output–multiple-antenna eavesdropping communications scenario. To achieve this, a closed-form derivation for asymptotic regularized prompt privacy rate is first formulated for IIoT network system. Then, the study further examines the design of optimal jamming parameters by proposing a model referred as optimal counter-eavesdropping channel approximation technique for tackling eavesdropping attack in IIoT. The simulated performance of the proposed model clearly shows that provided that the channel coherence time is less than two times the number of transmitting nodes, a high privacy precision is achieved even without deploying any artificial noise.